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2017年以及过去
20
年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获奖者及其贡献！
北京时间2017年
10
月
2
日下午
5:30
（当地时间
10
月
2
日上午
11:30
），
Thomas Perlmann (Secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine)
在卡罗林斯卡学院
(Karolinska Institute)
瓦伦堡大厅
(Wallenbergsalen)
宣布
2017
年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁布授予
J
effrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young.
，以表彰他们在“
for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm
”重要贡献。
2016
年，日本科学家
Yoshinori Ohsumi
获奖，获奖成果为
“
发现了细胞自噬机制。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi
"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy"
.
2015
年，我国科学家
Youyou Tu
、爱尔兰科学家
William C. Campbell
和日本科学家
Satoshi ōmura
获奖，获奖成果是
“
有关疟疾新疗法的发现
”
及
“
有关蛔虫寄生虫感染新疗法的发现
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 was divided, one half jointly to William C. Campbell and Satoshi ōmura
"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites"
and the other half to Youyou Tu
"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria"
.
2014
年，美国科学家
John O'Keefe
、
May-Britt Moser
和挪威科学家
Edvard I. Moser
获奖，获奖成果是
“
发现构成大脑定位系统的细胞
”
。
The
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was divided, one half
awarded to John O'Keefe, the other half jointly to May-Britt Moser and
Edvard I. Moser
"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"
.
2013
年，美国科学家
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman
和德国科学家
Thomas C. Südhof
获奖，获奖成果是
“
发现细胞内的主要运输系统
——
囊泡运输的调节机制
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 was awarded jointly to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof
"for their discoveries of machineryregulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
.
2012
年，英国科学家
John B. Gurdon
和日本科学家
Shinya Yamanaka
获奖，获奖成果为
“
发现成熟细胞可被重编程变为多能性
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka
"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
.
2011
年，美国科学家
Bruce A. Beutler
和法国科学家
Jules A. Hoffmann
，获奖成果为
“
先天免疫激活方面的发现
”
；美国科学家
Ralph M. Steinman
，获奖成果为
“
发现树突状细胞及其在获得性免疫中的作用
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman
"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
.
2010
年，英国科学家
Robert Edwards获奖，获奖成果为“
发展体外授精疗法”。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards
"for the development of in vitro fertilization"
.
2009
年，美国
Elizabeth H. Blackburn
、
Carol W. Greider
以及
Jack W. Szostak
获奖，获奖成果为
“
端粒和端粒酶保护染色体的机理
”
。
The
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was awarded jointly to
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
.
2008
年，德国
Haraldzur Hausen
因发现人类乳突淋瘤病毒（
HPV
）导致子宫颈癌而获奖；法国科学家
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
和
Luc Montagnier
因发现人类免疫缺陷病毒（
HIV
）而获奖。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 was divided, one half awarded to Harald zur Hausen
"for his discovery of humanpapilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
, the other half jointly to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
.
2007
年，美国科学家
MarioR. Capecchi
和
Oliver Smithies
与英国科学家
Martin J. Evans
，获奖成果为
“
在胚胎干细胞和哺乳动物的
DNA
重组方面
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 was awarded jointly to Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies
"for their discoveries ofprinciples for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use ofembryonic stem cells"
.
2006
，美国科学家
Andrew Z. Fire 和Craig C. Mello
获奖
，获奖成果为
“RNA
干扰机制
—
双链
RNA
沉默基因
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 was awarded jointly to Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
.
2005
，澳大利亚
Barry Mashall
和
Robin Warren
获奖，获奖成果为
“
人类器官和骨髓移植
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 was awarded jointly to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren
"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pyloriand its role in gastritis and peptic ulcerdisease".
2004
年，美国科学家
Richard Axel
和
Linda B. Buck
获奖，获奖成果为
“
在气味受体和嗅觉系统组织方式研究中作出贡献，揭示了人类嗅觉系统的奥秘
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 was awarded jointly to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck
"for their discoveries of odorantreceptors and the organization of the olfactory system".
2003
年，美国科学家
Paul C. Lauterbur
和英国科学家
Sir Peter Mansfield
获奖，获奖成果为
“
核磁共振成像技术
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 was awarded jointly to Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging".
2002
年，
英国科学家
Sydney Brenner
、
John E. Sulston
和美国科学家
H. Robert Horvitz
获奖，获奖成果为
“
器官发育和
程序性细胞死亡
”
。
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 was awarded jointly to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
.
