最近张然兄也在建议我提高写作水平,提高可阅读性。我这里试着把技术方面有趣的一面展示出来,写一些技术方面发展的故事,丰富一下文章的趣味性。
车载高压继电器的发展,现在来看国外有TE、GIGAVAC、Panasonic、OMRON和Panasonic,国内等我参观一圈再来谈。整个市场的情况,可以从车企的车型情况和数量来算,车型和使用量覆盖情况我过两天测算好了给大概写个专题。国内的情况比较复杂,等我排摸清楚了再写一下。先写个行业的总体的概览:
1)车企之前设计BDU,一部分是找高压配电系统供应商,类似LEAR这样的,所以GM、BMW这样的车企,是把这部分工作交给Tie1来做,自己选定核心的继电器
2)有部分车企,是直接拿包的,比如找LG拿包的企业,就顺带着找LG下面做电子的打包来做的,Volvo、Renault、GM的部分是这么来的
3)Tesla一开始找的TE,再2012的Model S上,后来改成了GIGAVAC,一车上光大的继电器就有6个
4)松下光是丰田的量就很大的,不过由于HEV的电流需求是比较有限的,为了满足工况和额定电流的要求,松下在原有陶瓷灭弧结构上调整触点的情况做了很多的型号,这些型号和出货量最大的相比,还是有一些使用上的区别
往前看,各个车企一个是要做通用性的BDU设计,同时也要考虑核心的接触器的选型,所以开始扩展成2强的格局。如下图所示,继电器作为核心件,考虑全球的车辆投放和售后方面的考虑,得培植不同的供应商,得掌握议价权啊
备注:为了方便我统一把接触器写成了继电器,主要是方便阅读
总体而言,这些继电器厂家原来都是做电气的,本身这个高压继电器汽车上也不用。我今天讲讲两家得故事
1)Kilovac=>TE
1964 年就开始做高压方面的,主要是跟着美国的国防和太空计划,在空间站上用的,后来在直升机/战斗机上用,美国军方玩的是200V+的直流系统,这家公司推动了真空、加压高压继电器和接触器的发展。上次和樊总一起去参观,谈起他最早做燃料电池车,买个Kilovac的接触器老贵了,按万来算一个接触器的。
2002年泰科(TE Connectivity) 收购了Kilovac品牌的高压接触器产品,Kilovac都是高大上的运用,航空航天级的。所以高压高电流产品随着新能源汽车的发展,也被“拿来主义”运用起来。这颗EV200最早是科帕奇直升机上用的,hoho。
TE这个继电器的技术的故事,我们后续再谈一谈细节,基本上老前辈不进步要给后来者吐槽的
2)GIGAVAC
一朝天子一朝臣,Kilovac的工程师和管理层都在TE入驻的局面下,也就去搞了一个新公司,开始在原有High Voltage Relay的基础上做局面。这家公司继承了原有的专利系统和继电器技术,在各个工业领域去拓展应用。
GIGAVAC is considered the darling of the high voltage relay industry and use the tag line “Today's Expert in High Voltage Relays”, which some people say they are. They were founded in 2002 by the management team that built Kilovac before the Kilovac brand was sold to TE Connectivity. Their Chief Scientist, now deceased, was the VP of Engineering for Jennings Technology and held most of the patents for the relays used in the industry today. GIGAVAC offers possibly the largest selection of high voltage relays and sealed DC and AC contactors in the world, nearly all fully RoHS compliant, and use a wide range of technologies including reed, vacuum, ceramic, gas filled and their exclusive EPIC™.
Geek对Geek,Tesla的BDU和配电盒的都换成了GIGAVAC的产品,一乘数量,还是真不少的。
欧版/欧版 有三相电的地方:继电器*6
美版:继电器*4
这些金属壳的是脱了妆的继电器,整个细节我后面单独进行技术方面的介绍
其实还有些老牌做继电器的厂家,都已经等不到
Jennings Technology
Jennings Technology high voltage relays have been around since 1942 and was once considered the industry leader. They pioneered many of the high voltage vacuum relay designs used in the industry today. Over the years, Jennings was acquired by conglomerates such as ITT, Lear, Joslyn, Danaher and most recently Thomas & Betts. Other than possibly ITT, each sale is said to have caused Jennings to loose market share. Their VP of Engineering became the Chief Scientist for GIGAVAC that was formed by the previous Kilovac management team after TE Connectivity bought Kilovac.
Cynergy3 (previously Crydom)
specializes in high voltage vacuum reed relays rated up to 15 kV. Reed relays generally do not switch above 300 watts and are not as rugged as ceramic types, but they are superior for long life, fast operate time and the lowest cost. The Cynergy3 brand was created after the Crydom-branded solid state relay line was sold to Schneider Electric in 2006.
从电气工业,往汽车工业走,先要找个好的合作伙伴。我一直觉得,从汽车配件来看,Panasonic的转型还是挺成功的。
基于电气化:第三个是面向混合动力车和纯电动汽车的电动化领域。我们知道最多的还是松下的电池,其实从整体而言,松下的战略还是比较清晰的。抓住Tesla这样的主要合作伙伴,与原有的车企合作伙伴保持良好的关系。
第一重要的是Tesla,之前有传出LG和三星试图进入的传言
丰田的Prius Prime接下来进入中国的两款PHEV,这些都是很好的爆点
福特的PHEV,一直比较稳定;BEV项目面临积累的竞争
大众的PHEV,与上述情况类似;BEV项目也是需要在成本、能量密度以及全球布局上与车企的需求做出匹配。
你看顺道卖卖继电器也是不错的^_^,后面我做一些专项的技术探讨。