剑桥雅思18真题听力 第23期:Test3(part4-1)
In today's astronomy lecture, I'm going to talk about the need for a system to manage the movement of satellites and other objects in orbit around the Earth.
在今天的天文学课上，我将讨论需要一个系统来管理绕地球轨道运行的卫星和其他物体的运动。
In other words, a Space Trafic Management system.
换句话说，一个太空交通管理系统。
We already have effective Air Traffic Control systems that are used internationally to ensure that planes navigate our skies safely.
我们已经拥有国际上使用的有效的空中交通管制系统，以确保飞机安全地在我们的天空中飞行。
Well, Space Traffic Management is a similar concept, but focusing on the control of satellites.
那么，太空交通管理也是一个类似的概念，但重点是对卫星的控制。
The aim of such a system would be to prevent the danger of collisions in space between the objects in orbit around the Earth.
这种系统的目的是防止在太空中地球轨道上的物体之间发生碰撞。
In order to do this, we'd need to have a set of legal measures.
为了做到这一点，我们需要有一套法律措施。
And we'd also have to develop the technical systems to enable us to prevent such accidents.
我们还必须开发技术系统，使我们能够防止此类事故。
But unfortunately, at present we don't actually have a Space Trafic Management system that works.
但不幸的是，目前我们实际上还没有一个有效的太空交通管理系统。
So why not?
那有何不可呢？
What are the problems in developing such a system?
开发这样一个系统有什么问题？
Well, for one thing, satellites are relatively cheap these days, compared with how they were in the past, meaning that more people can afford to put them into space.
首先，与过去相比，卫星现在相对便宜，这意味着更多的人可以负担得起把卫星送入太空的费用。
So there's a lot more of them out there, and people aren't just launching single satellites but whole constellations, consisting of thousands of them designed to work together.
因此，它们的数量要多得多，人们发射的不只是单一的卫星，还有整个星座，这些星座由数千个设计成一起工作的星座组成。
So space is getting more crowded every day.
因此，太空每天都变得越来越拥挤。
But in spite of this, one thing you may be surprised to learn is that you can launch a satellite into space and once it's out there, it doesn't have to send back any information to Earth to allow its identification.
尽管如此，你可能会惊讶地发现，你可以向太空发射一颗卫星，一旦卫星升空，它不必向地球发回任何信息来进行识别。
So while we have international systems for ensuring we know where the planes in our skies are, and to prevent them from colliding with one another, when it comes to the safety of satellites, at present we don't have anything like enough proper ways of tracking them.
因此，虽然我们有国际系统来确保我们知道飞机在我们天空中的位置，并防止它们相互碰撞，但在卫星安全方面，目前我们没有合适法来跟踪它们。
And it isn't just entire satelltes that we need to consider.
我们需要考虑的不仅仅是整个卫星。
A greater threat is the huge amount of space debris in orbit around the Earth-broken bits of satellite and junk from space stations and so on.
更大的威胁是地球周围轨道上的大量空间碎片--卫星的碎片和空间站的垃圾等等。
And some of these are so small that they can be very hard to identify, but they can still be very dangerous.
其中一些非常小，很难辨认，但仍然非常危险。
In addition, some operators may be unwilling to share information about the satellites they've launched.
此外，一些运营商可能不愿分享他们发射的卫星的信息。
剑桥雅思18真题听力 第24期:Test3(part4-2)
For example, a satellite may be designed for military purposes, or it may have been launched for commercial reasons, and the operators don't want competitors to have information about it.
例如，一颗卫星可能是为军事目的而设计的，或者它可能是出于商业原因发射的，运营商不希望竞争对手获得有关它的信息。
And even if the operators are willing to provide it, the information isn't easy to collect.
即使运营商愿意提供，信息也不容易收集。
Details are needed about the object itself, as well as about its location at a particular time-and remember that a satellite isn't very big, and it's likely to be moving at thousands of kilometres an hour.
需要了解该物体本身的细节，以及它在特定时间的位置--记住，卫星并不是很大，并且它很可能以每小时数千公里的速度移动。
We don't have any sensors that can constantly follow something moving so fast, so all that the scientists can do is to put forward a prediction concerning where the satellite is heading next.
我们没有任何传感器可以持续跟踪移动如此之快的物体，所以科学家们所能做的就是对卫星下一步的去向提出预测。
So those are some of the problems that we're facing.
这些就是我们面临的一些问题。
Let's consider now some of the solutions that have been suggested.
现在让我们考虑一下已经提出的一些解决方案。
One key issue is the way in which information is dealt with.
一个关键问题是处理信息的方式。
We need more information, but it also needs to be accessible at a global level, so we need to establish shared standards that we can all agree on for the way in which this information is presented.
我们需要更多的信息，但也需要在全球范围内获得这些信息，因此我们需要建立共享的标准，我们都可以就这些信息的呈现方式达成一致。
We already do this in other areas of science, so although this is a challenge, it's not an impossible task.
我们已经在其他科学领域做到了这一点，所以尽管这是一个挑战，但它并不是一项不可能完成的任务。
Then, as all this information's collected, it needs to be put together so it can be used, and that will involve creating a single database on which it can be entered.
然后，当收集到所有这些信息时，需要将这些信息放在一起才能使用，这将涉及到创建一个可以输入它的单一数据库。
As we continue to push forward new developments, congestion of the space environment is only going to increase.
随着我们不断发展，空间环境的拥堵只会加剧。
To cope with this, we need to develop a system like the one I‘ve described to coordinate the work of the numerous spacecraft operators, but its also essential that this system is one that establishes trust in the people that use it, both nationally and at a global level.
为了解决这个问题，我们需要开发一个像我所描述的那样的系统来协调众多航天器运营商的工作，但同样重要的是，这个系统是一个在国家和全球层面上对使用它的人建立信任的系统。
One interesting development …
一个有趣的开发…
