一、@Getter and @Setter
使用
@Getter
和/或
@Setter
注释任何字段,以使
lombok
自动生成默认的
getter / setter
。
默认的
getter
只是返回该字段,如果该字段被称为
foo
,则名为
getFoo
(如果该字段的类型为
boolean
,则为
isFoo
)。
默认生成的
getter / setter
方法是公共的,除非你明确指定一个
AccessLevel
。合法访问级别为
PUBLIC,PROTECTED,PACKAGE和PRIVATE
。
你还可以在类上添加
@Getter
和/或
@Setter
注释。在这种情况下,就好像你使用该注释来注释该类中的所有非静态字段一样。
你始终可以使用特殊的
AccessLevel.NONE
访问级别来手动禁用任何字段的
getter / setter
生成。这使你可以覆盖类上的
@Getter,@Setter或@Data
注释的行为。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
public class GetterSetterExample {
@Getter
@Setter
private int age = 10;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
}
}
Native Java:
public class GetterSetterExample {
private int age = 10;
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
protected void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
二、@ToString
任何类定义都可以使用
@ToString
注释,以使
lombok
生成
toString()
方法的实现。
默认情况下,将打印所有非静态字段。如果要跳过某些字段,可以使用
@ ToString.Exclude
注释这些字段。或者,可以通过使用
@ToString(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)
,然后使用
@ToString.Include
标记要包含的每个字段,来确切指定希望使用的字段。
通过将
callSuper
设置为
true
,可以将
toString
的超类实现的输出包含到输出中。请注意,
java.lang.Object中toString()
的默认实现几乎毫无意义。
With Lombok:
import lombok.ToString;
@ToString
public class ToStringExample {
private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
private String name;
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
@ToString
.Exclude
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
}
}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ToStringExample {
private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
private String name;
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Square(super=" + super.toString() + ", width=" + this.width + ", height=" + this.height + ")";
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ToStringExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.shape + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.tags) + ")";
}
}
三、@EqualsAndHashCode
任何类定义都可以使用
@EqualsAndHashCode
进行注释,以使
lombok
生成
equals(Object other)
和
hashCode()
方法的实现。默认情况下,它将使用所有非静态,非瞬态字段,但是您可以通过使用
@EqualsAndHashCode.Include
标记类型成员来修改使用哪些字段(甚至指定要使用各种方法的输出)。
@EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude
。或者,可以通过使用@
EqualsAndHashCode.Include
标记并使用
@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)
来精确指定要使用的字段或方法。
如果将
@EqualsAndHashCode
应用于扩展另一个类的类,则此功能会有些棘手。通常,为此类自动生成
equals
和
hashCode
方法是一个坏主意,因为超类还定义了字段,该字段也需要
equals / hashCode
代码,但不会生成此代码。通过将
callSuper
设置为
true
,可以在生成的方法中包括超类的
equals
和
hashCode
方法。
搜索Java知音公众号,回复“后端面试”,送你一份Java面试题宝典
.pdf
With Lombok:
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
@EqualsAndHashCode
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
private transient int transientVar = 10;
private String name;
private double score;
@EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude
private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
private String[] tags;
@EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
}
}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
private transient int transientVar = 10;
private String name;
private double score;
private Shape shape = new Square(5
, 10);
private String[] tags;
private int id;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample)) return false;
EqualsAndHashCodeExample other = (EqualsAndHashCodeExample) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (Double.compare(this.score, other.score) != 0) return false;
if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.tags, other.tags)) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.score);
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.name == null ? 43 : this.name.hashCode());
result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.tags);
return result;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample;
}
public static class Square extends Shape {
private final int width, height;
public Square(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Square)) return false;
Square other = (Square) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
if (this.width != other.width) return false;
if (this.height != other.height) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
result = (result*PRIME) + super.hashCode();
result = (result*PRIME) + this.width;
result = (result*PRIME) + this.height;
return result;
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof Square;
}
}
}
四、@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
将生成没有参数的构造函数。如果字段由final修饰,则将导致编译器错误,除非使用
@NoArgsConstructor(force = true)
,否则所有final字段都将初始化为
0 / false / null
。对于具有约束的字段(例如
@NonNull
字段),不会生成任何检查。
@RequiredArgsConstructor
为每个需要特殊处理的字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。所有未初始化的final字段都会获取一个参数,以及所有未声明其位置的未标记为
@NonNull
的字段。
@AllArgsConstructor
为类中的每个字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。标有
@NonNull
的字段将对这些参数进行空检查。
搜索Java知音公众号,回复“后端面试”,送你一份Java面试题宝典
.pdf
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NonNull;
@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public class ConstructorExample<T> {
private int x, y;
@NonNull
private T description;
@NoArgsConstructor
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull
private String field;
}
}
Native Java:
public class ConstructorExample<T> {
private int x, y;
@NonNull
private T description;
private ConstructorExample(T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
this.description = description;
}
public static ConstructorExample of(T description)
{
return new ConstructorExample(description);
}
@java.beans.ConstructorProperties({"x", "y", "description"})
protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) {
if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.description = description;
}
public static class NoArgsExample {
@NonNull
private String field;
public NoArgsExample() {
}
}
}
五、@Data
@Data
是一个方便的快捷方式批注,它将
@ToString
,
@EqualsAndHashCode
,
@ Getter / @Setter
和
@RequiredArgsConstructor
的功能捆绑在一起:换句话说,
@Data
生成通常与简单
POJO
关联的所有样板(普通的旧
Java
对象)和
bean
:所有字段的
getter
,所有
非final
字段的
setter
,以及涉及类字段的适当的
toString
,
equals
和
hashCode
实现,以及初始化所有
final
字段以及所有
非final
字段的构造函数没有使用
@NonNull
标记的初始化程序,以确保该字段永远不会为
null
。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
@Data
public class DataExample {
private final String name;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE)
private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
@ToString(includeFieldNames=true)
@Data(staticConstructor="of")
public static class Exercise<T> {
private final String name;
private final T value;
}
}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class DataExample {
private final String name;
private int age;
private double score;
private String[] tags;
public DataExample(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setScore(double score) {
this.score = score;
}
public double getScore() {
return this.score;
}
public String[] getTags() {
return this.tags;
}
public void setTags(String[] tags) {
this.tags = tags;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DataExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge() + ", " + this.getScore() + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.getTags()) + ")";
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof DataExample;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof DataExample)) return false;
DataExample other = (DataExample) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getAge() != other.getAge()) return
false;
if (Double.compare(this.getScore(), other.getScore()) != 0) return false;
if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.getTags(), other.getTags())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.getScore());
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result*PRIME) + this.getAge();
result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.getTags());
return result;
}
public static class Exercise<T> {
private final String name;
private final T value;
private Exercise(String name, T value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public static Exercise of(String name, T value) {
return new Exercise(name, value);
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public T getValue() {
return this.value;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Exercise(name=" + this.getName() + ", value=" + this.getValue() + ")";
}
protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
return other instanceof Exercise;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Exercise)) return false;
Exercise> other = (Exercise>) o;
if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
if (this.getName() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
if (this.getValue() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getValue().equals(other.getValue())) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 59;
int result = 1;
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getValue() == null ? 43 : this.getValue().hashCode());
return result;
}
}
}
六、@Value
@Value注解和
@Data
类似,区别在于它会把所有成员变量默认定义为
private final
修饰,并且不会生成
set
方法。
七、@Builder
构建者模式
只能标注到类上,将生成类的一个当前流程的一种链式构造工厂,如下:
User buildUser = User.builder().username("riemann").password("123").build();
可配合
@Singular
注解使用,
@Singular
注解使用在jdk内部集合类型的属性,
Map
类型的属性以及
Guava
的
com.google.common.collect
的属性上。例如 未标注
@Singular
的属性,一般
setter
时,会直接覆盖原来的引用,标注了
@Singular
的属性,集合属性支持添加操作,会在属性原来的基础上增加。
With Lombok:
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Singular;
import java.util.Set;
@Builder
public class BuilderExample {
@Builder.Default
private long created = System.currentTimeMillis();
private String name;
private int age;
@Singular
private Set occupations;
}
Native Java:
import java.util.Set;
public class BuilderExample {
private long created;
private String name;
private int age;
private Set occupations;
BuilderExample(String name, int age, Set occupations) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.occupations = occupations;
}