Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body.
外展
远离身体中线的运动。
Abrasion
A scraping away of a portion of the skin or mucous membrane.
擦伤
一部分皮肤或粘膜被刮擦掉。
Action
The stage of the transtheoretical model of behavioral change during which the individual is actively engaging in a behavior that was started less than six months ago.
行动
行动改变的跨理论模型中的一个阶段。在此阶段中，个人开始新行为，但时间短于6个月。
Activities of daily living (ADL)
Activities normally performed for hygiene, bathing, household chores, walking, shopping, and similar activities.
日常生活活动（ADL）
通常在卫生、洗浴、家务、散步、购物和类似活动中进行的活动。
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body.
内收
朝向身体中线的运动。
Adequate Intake (AI)
A recommended nutrient intake level that, based on research, appears to be sufficient for good health.
适宜摄入量（AI）
基于研究，看上去足够维持良好健康状况的营养摄取水平。
Aerobic system
The energy pathway that uses oxygen, fats, carbohydrate, and sometimes proteins for re-synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for prolonged energy use.
有氧系统
利用氧气，脂肪，碳水化合物，有时使用蛋白质，再合成三磷酸腺苷（ATP）以延长能量使用的能量途径。
Agonist
The muscle directly responsible for observed movement；also called the prime mover.
主动肌
直接负责观察到的活动的肌肉；也成为原动肌。
Anatomy
The brand of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms.
解剖学
与人体结构、动物和其他生物体的身体结构有关的科学分类。
Antagonist
The muscle that acts in opposition to the contraction produced by an agonist (prime mover) muscle.
拮抗肌
与主动肌（原动肌）肌肉产生的收缩起相反作用的肌肉。
Anxiety
A state of uneasiness and apprehension；occurs in some mental disorders.
焦虑
一种不安和忧虑的状态；常发生在患有精神障碍的情况下。
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint；a state characterized by the inflammation of joints.
关节炎
关节发炎；一种以关节发炎为特征的状态。
Articular cartilage
Cartilage covering the ends of the bones inside diarthroidial joints；allows the ends of the bones to glide without friction.
关节软骨
软骨覆盖在关节内骨头末端；允许骨头的末端滑动而没有摩擦。
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various environmental triggers such as allergens, viral infection, exercise, cold, and stress.
哮喘
气道的一种慢性炎症性疾病，通过响应各种环境触发因素（如过敏原、病毒感染、运动、感冒和压力）来影响遗传易感个体。
Atherosclerosis
A specific form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity.
动脉粥样硬化
一种特定形式的动脉硬化，其特征在于脂肪物质在动脉内壁上积聚，导致其变硬、增厚和失去弹性。
Atrophy
A reduction in muscle size (muscle wasting) due to inactivity or immobilization.
萎缩
由于不活动或固定身体而导致肌肉大小减少（肌肉萎缩）。
Automated external defibrillator (AED)
A portable electronic device used to restore normal heart rhythms in victims of sudden cardiac arrest.
自动外部除颤器（AED）
一种便携式电子设备，用于使心博骤停患者恢复正常心率。
