【经济学人】一个穆斯林国家的着装丨2017.01.28丨总第801期

Ataturk and his wife, on trend

赶时髦的阿塔图尔克和妻子

AS OTHER countries move to ban Muslim head coverings, Turkey is going the opposite way. Women have been free to wear headscarves at state universities since 2011, and in parliament since 2013. Last August policewomen were allowed to cover their heads; in November a ban on headscarves among civilian defence staff was lifted.

当其他国家正执行穆斯林头巾禁令时，土耳其却反其道而行。自2011年以来，女性可以不受限制地在公立大学戴头巾，并且从2013年开始女性可以戴头巾进入国会。去年八月份允许女警察戴头巾；11月份解除了民事国防人员不得戴头巾的禁令。

In 1925 Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s first president, declared that a “civilised, international dress” was “worthy and appropriate” for the new republic. For men, this meant Western shoes, trousers, shirts and ties—in with the bowler and out with the fez. Women were urged to follow European fashion, dance the foxtrot and work in the professions. In 1934 Turkey let women vote and banned the wearing of the Islamic veil.

1925年土耳其第一任总统凯末尔·阿塔图尔克宣布：“文明且与国际接轨的着装“是与新共和国”相称且恰当的“。这意味着男子要西装革履——废除费兹帽并改戴常礼帽。鼓励女子跟随欧州时尚，跳狐步舞并进入各行各业工作。1934年土耳其允许妇女投票并禁止佩戴穆斯林面纱。

• Bowler 常礼帽

• Fez 费兹帽，土耳其毡帽

• Foxtrot 狐步舞

Curbs on religious garb were tightened in the 1990s. Fatma Benli, a lawyer and parliamentarian, remembers being asked to remove her scarf before defending her dissertation in the late 1990s. In 1999 an MP who came to parliament in a headscarf was booed out. That began to change after 2002, as the Justice and Development (AK) party consolidated power. Today 21 covered women sit in parliament. Critics say the AK party has promoted veiling by preferring veiled job applicants and conservative groups. Binnaz Toprak, a sociologist and opposition politician, has found that some women, especially in the public sector, wear the scarf to further their careers.

二十世纪九十年代对宗教服装的限制更加严格。作为一名律师和国会议员，Fatma Benli记得九十年代末她在论文答辩前被要求除去头巾。1999年一位国会议员因戴头巾进入国会而被赶了出去。随着正义与发展(AK)党巩固权利，自2002年后情况开始改变。今天有21位戴头巾的女性在国会占据席位。批评家说AK党通过倾向选择遮面的求职者和保守团体，从而促使妇女去戴头巾。社会学家和反对党政客Binnaz Toprak发现有些女性通过戴头巾以求升职，这种情况在公共部门尤其严重。

Some secularists see a link between stricter Islamic dress norms and increased violence against women. In September a nurse in Istanbul was kicked in the face by a man enraged at her shorts. He was quickly released, to be rearrested only after an outcry ( 读者试译).

一些世俗主义者看到在更严格的伊斯兰着装规范与对女性暴力的增加之间的联系。(期待您的翻译，明天会有针对这句话的长难句解析哟~）

• Secularists 主义世俗者

At a protest several weeks later a teenage student, Oznur, complained about a hostile climate in the district where she lives: “We can’t walk on our own in the evening without being harassed.” She and her friends wanted neither a return to Kemalist dress codes nor their replacement by Islamic ones. The state, she said, has no business telling women what they should wear.

在几周后的一次抗议活动中，一名青少年学生Oznur抱怨她生活地区怀有恶意的风气：“我们在晚上穿着随意出门总会被骚扰。”她和朋友既不希望回到基马尔式的着装规范，也不希望它被伊斯兰式的所代替。她声称这个国家无权对妇女的穿着进行干涉。

翻译 ▍人文一组

审核 ▍ww

编辑 ▍Joi