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原文：绿色—输入项 （阅读生词、搭配）；粉红—输出项（写作、口语）
笔记：红色—生词；粉色—地道搭配；绿色—例句；橘色—复习；写作—针对雅思、拖福、四六级、考研等各类英语考试的写作亮点表达
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所有的解释、词伙、例句搭配来自于牛津高阶英汉词典OALD、Collins双解词典、麦克米伦词典macmillan Dictionary 等
Can 'period leave' ever work?
Bex Baxter was horrified to walk into her office one day and find her firm’s receptionist “bent double”at the front desk, “white as a sheet and clearly in pain” while serving acustomer.
receptionist [rɪˈsepʃənɪst] n.someone whose job is to welcome and deal with people arriving in a hotel or office building, visiting a doctor etc 接待员
be bent double If you are bent double, the top half of your body is bent downwards so that your head is close to your knees. 弯腰的；弓着身子的 *The trees were almost bent double in the wind.这些树被风吹得快要折断了。* He was bent double with laughter.他笑弯了腰。
front desk n.[U] the desk where visitors go when they arrive at a hotel or organization〔酒店或机构的〕前台
(as) white as a sheet If someone looks white as a sheet or as white as a sheet, they look very frightened, shocked, or ill.（因惊吓或生病而）脸色苍白的 *He appeared in the doorway, white as a sheet, eyes wide with horror.他出现在门口，脸色苍白，睁大的双眼里充满了恐惧。
in pain If you are in pain, you feel pain in a part of your body, because you are injured or ill.感到疼痛 *She was writhing in pain, bathed in perspiration.她痛苦地扭动着，全身都汗湿了。
serve v.[I,T] to help the customers in a shop, especially by bringing them the things that they want 接待（顾客）〔尤指为他们取来所需之物〕，为（顾客）服务 *There wasonly one girl serving customers . 只有一个女孩接待顾客。 *Auntie and Uncle suggested she serve in the shop. 阿姨和叔叔建议她去商店工作。
有一天，当贝克斯·拜克斯特（BexBaxter）走进办公室后，发现自己公司的接待员在前台上弯腰弓背，"面色苍白、满脸痛苦地"为客户服务。这令她十分震惊。
“I immediately went to excuse her from her shift,” says Baxter, then a director at the company. “She was really embarrassed and shooed me away, saying, ‘It’s just my period, I’ll get through it.’”
excuse sb (from sth /from doing sth) [usually passive] If someone is excused from a duty or responsibility, they are told that they do not have to carry it out.使免除责任、义务等 *She is usually excused from her duties during the school holidays.在学校放假期间，她通常不必担负职责。 *She was excused duties on Saturday.星期六她不用工作。
shoo [ʃuː]
v.shoo sb away If you shoo an animal or a person away, you make them go away by waving your handsor arms at them.（挥手）赶走 *You'd better shoo him away.你最好把他赶走。*I shooed him out ofthe room.我把他赶出了房间。
exclamation.You say 'shoo!' to an animal when you want it to go away.（赶动物走的声音）嘘！去！走！*Shoo, bird, shoo.嘘！小鸟，嘘！
period [ˈpɪəriəd] n.the flow of blood that comes from a woman's body each month月经，经期⇒menstrual period*I was twelve years old when I started my periods.我十二岁月经初潮。
get through sth If you get through a difficult or unpleasant period of time, you manage to live through it.度过，熬过困难或不快的时期 *It is hard to see how people will get through the winter. 难以想象人们将怎样熬过这个冬天。*We couldn't get through a day without arguing.我们没有一天不拌嘴的。
"我立刻过去让她下班休息。"当时在该公司担任总监的拜克斯特说，"她很尴尬，把我拉到一边说：'我只是来例假了，我能挺得住。'"
Up until then, Baxter hadn’t even considered whether her former employer, a Bristol-based firm called Coexist that creates community spaces in South West England, had a corporate ‘period policy’.
1.if a person or business is based in a particular place, that is where they live or work, or where the work of the business is done 在...居住/工作；基地/总部在... *a Chicago-based company 总部设在芝加哥的公司
2. containing sth as an important part or feature 以…为重要部份(或特征)；以…为主 *lead-based paints 铅基涂料 *a class-based society 以阶级为特征的社会
[扩展]网络远程教育可以说：internet-based distance learning，传统的实体教室中的教育可以说：classroom-based education
当时，拜克斯特在布里斯托的这家名叫Coexist的公司工作，公司的业务是在英格兰西南部创建社区空间，在那之前，拜克斯特根本没有考虑过公司是否制定了"例假政策"。
But in that moment, she says, she thought about basic human rights — that a standard biological process should never be shameful.
但她表示，她当时想到的是基本人权——这样一个常规的生理过程绝不应令人感到羞愧。
Menstrual leave, a policy that affords women suffering extreme period pain one or twodays off work, already exists in several countries around the world, but has been widely criticised as counterproductive, often reinforcing negative stereotypes of female workers.
afford v.can /could afford to have enough time to do something 有〔时间〕做某事 *Dad can't affordany more time off work.爸爸没有办法再请假。
off prep. not at work, school etc because you are ill or on holiday〔因生病或度假〕不工作; 不上学; 休息⇒absent *My secretary's been off with flu for the past week.我的秘书上周得了流感没来上班。 *Clare had to stay off school because her mother was ill.克莱尔因为妈妈病了不能来上学。 *You look tired.Why don't you take tomorrow off? 你看上去很疲惫，为什么明天不休息一天呢？ *He needs more time off duty for relaxation and rest.他需要更多的时间放松休息。 *'Going to work today, mum?' 'No. It's my day off today.'“妈妈，你今天去上班吗？”“不，今天我休息。”
be widely criticized (as sth) 被广泛批评（为…）*The law was widely criticized as racist.那条法规被认为有种族主义，受到广泛批评。[写作]
counterproductive [,kauntəprə’dʌktiv] adj.having the opposite effect to the one which was intended 产生相反效果；事与愿违；适得其反
[经济学人4.15.Rural education in China]Chinese schools discriminate against 60% of the population. This is both cruel and counterproductive.
[纽约时报. An Hour of Running May Add 7 Hours to Your Life] High-mileage runners wondered if they could be doing too much, and if at some undefined number of miles or hours, running might become counterproductive and even contribute to premature mortality.长距离跑步者想知道，他们是不是跑得太多了，当跑步里程或时长达到某个尚未明确的点之后，跑步会不会起反作用，甚至促成过早死亡。[复习]
我们可以将counterproductive灵活运用于写作中，论述一件事物的不利影响。
比如犯罪类话题，在表明“反对将少年犯送入监狱”这一立场时，我们可以说
Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive.
反对继续实行计划生育政策，我们可以说
The one child rule has become outdated and counterproductive.
"月经假"指的是允许女性在痛经难忍时休假一两天的政策，这种措施已经在很多国家出现，但却被广泛批评为适得其反，而且往往会加强女性员工遭到的负面成见。
In some Asian countries, including Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, South Korea and certain Chinese provinces, women are allowed to stay home for a designated part of their monthly periods. Few take advantage of it,though, many citing fear of sexual harassment or perceptions of weakness.
be designated sth *The lake was recently designated a conservation area.这座湖最近被指定为保护区。
designate sth as / forsth *Funds were designated for projects in low-income areas.指定专款用于低收入地区的规划项目。
designate sb to do sth*She has been designated to take over the position of treasurer.她已被选派接任财务主管的职位。
2.to represent or refer to something using a particular sign, name etc〔用特殊符号、名字等〕标明，表示 *Buildings are designated by red squares on the map.在地图上建筑物是用红色方块来标明的。
1. to make use of sth well; to make use of an opportunity 利用；利用（机会）*She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms. 她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。*We took full advantage of the hotel facilities.我们充分享用了旅馆设施。
[经济学人.Winner takes all] But althoughconsumers seem to have a dizzying array of choices, most of them do not take full advantage of them.
2. to make use of sb / sth in a way that is unfair or dishonest 欺骗；占…的便宜 =exploit *He took advantage of my generosity他利用我的慷慨占了便宜。
cite [saɪt] v.~ sth (as sth) tomention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying 提及（原因）；举出（示例）；列举 *He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.他提到繁重的工作负荷是导致他累垮的原因。
sexual harassment 性骚扰 *We need effective strategies to combat sexual harassment in the workplace.我们需要采取有效策略对抗职场性骚扰。
在一些亚洲国家或地区，包括日本、印度尼西亚、台湾、韩国和中国大陆的某些省份，女性都可以在例假期间在家休息。但却很少有人真的请假，很多人都担心因此遭到性别歧视，或者表现出自己的软弱。
And when the Italian parliament considered introducing national period leave in March, many wondered whether eligibility for three paid days a month off risked discouraging employers from hiring women in the first place.
eligibility [,elidʒə'biləti]n. [U] If you're qualified for something or allowed to take partin it, you have eligibility. 合格；有资格 *The rules covering eligibility for benefits changed in the 1980s. 20世纪80年代，有关救济金领取资格的规定变了。
eligible [ˈelɪdʒəbl̩] adj.
1.~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) a person who is eligible for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc.有资格的；合格的；具备条件的 *Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. 只有 70 岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。 *When are you eligible to vote in your country?你们国家几岁才有资格投票选举呢？ ineligible
2.an eligible young man or woman is thought to be a good choice as a husband/ wife, usually because they are rich or attractive（指认为可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合适的，中意的 *He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.他是日本最为抢手的单身汉。
1. to put sth valuable or important in a dangerous situation, in which it could be lost or damaged 使…冒风险（或面临危险）risk sth *He risked his life to save her.他冒着生命危险去救她。*She was risking her own and her children's health.她在使自己和子女的健康遭受威胁。
2. to do sth that may mean that you get into a situation which is unpleasant for you冒…的风险（或危险）risk sth|risk (sb/sth) doing sth * There was no choice. If they stayed there, they risked death. 他们别无选择。如果待在那儿，就面临死亡。
3.to do sth that you know is not really a good idea or may not succeed 冒险做；（明知结果而）大胆做 risk sth/doing sth *It was a difficult decision but we decided to risk it. 这件事决心难下，但我们决定冒险一试。
[经济学人.Rural education in China]…a hunger for education so strong that children will risk their lives for it, and a callous lack of government attention to the needs of rural students.
1.discourage sb from doing sth to persuade someone not to do something, especially by making it seem difficult or bad（设法）劝阻，打消…的念头 *My father is a lawyer, and he discouraged me from entering the field.我父亲是一名律师，他劝我别干这一行。
2.to make something less likely to happen 阻止，防止encourage *Aspirin may discourage tumour growth in some types of cancer.阿司匹林也许能遏制某些癌症肿瘤的生长。
[经济学人.The future of America] Richer, well-educated people want to live near eachother, and high house prices conveniently discourage poorer people from spoiling the view. 受过良好教育的富裕人群希望相互比邻而居，高房价很方便地防止了穷人在旁边煞风景。
dissuade v.~ sb (from sth /from doing sth) to persuade sb not to do sth 劝（某人）勿做（某事）；劝阻 *I tried to dissuade him from giving up his job.我劝过他，让他不要放弃自己的工作。 *They were going to set off in the fog, but were dissuaded.他们原打算在雾中出发，但被劝阻了。[扩展]
[纽约时报.It’s Mosquito Season. Here’s How to Prepare] We try to dissuade people from using a topical Benadryl cream because of the risk of sensitivity or reaction. 我们会尽量建议大家不要使用目前的苯海拉明(Benadryl)软膏，因为有过敏或其他反应的风险。
in the first place
1. used to talk about the beginning of a situation, or the situation before something happened 一开始，起初 *Why did you agree to meet her in the first place?一开始你为什么同意见她？ *He wouldn't have given you the job in the first place if he didn't think you could do it.要是他认为你干不了，他一开始就不会给你那份工作的。
2. (written) used to give the first in a list of reasons or points 首先，第一〔用于列举理由或要点〕 *Her success was secured by two factors. In the first place, she had the support of managers.她的成功有两个因素作保证，首先，她有经理们的支持。
当意大利议会考虑在全国范围内推行月经假时，很多人都担心，从立法层面确立每月3天的带薪假期可能导致很多雇主从一开始就不愿聘用女员工。
(To be continued...)
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