Aqueous ammonium-ion batteries have attracted more attentions. Electrodeposited manganese oxide (MnO
x
) electrodes stand out electrochemical behaviors for storing NH
4
+
. However, the unsatisfied conductivity and dissolution of MnO
x
impede electrochemical properties of MnO
x
for applying in ammonium-ion batteries. In this work, electrochemical coverage of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers on MnO
x
was carried out to improve the properties of MnO
x
as a positive electrode of ammonium-ion batteries. The improvements are attributed to three functions of rGO additives to engage as conductive layers (fast electron transportation), blocking layers (inhibition of Mn
2+
diffusion) and capacitive behaviors (adsorption of Mn
2+
and NO
x
-
), which makes sure the excellent rate capability (109 mAh g
-1
at 5 A g
-1
) and cycling stability (92.6% after 1000 cycles) of rGO
60
/MnO
x
. In addition, we also studied the redox of NH
4
+
on rGO layers to investigate the stability of electrolyte, and the redox of NH
4
+
on rGO layers is highly reversible and low active, which implies that the rGO is suitable to be a functionalized component for improving the properties of MnO
x
to apply in ammonium-ion batteries. This work provides a new thought to design electrodes with comprehensive strategies for ammonium-ion batteries.
Keywords
Electrochemical coverage
Reduced graphene oxide
Aqueous ammonium-ion batteries
MnO
x