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斯坦福开学!新任校长开学演讲:学会提问比找到答案更有意义

爸爸真棒  · 公众号  ·  · 2024-09-19 12:18

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就在昨天,斯坦福大学2024届开学典礼在弗罗斯特露天剧场举行,来自全美和世界各地的1704名新生和60名转学生入读斯坦福大学。

斯坦福大学新校长Jonathan Levin发表开学演讲。他本科就读于斯坦福大学,后陆续获得牛津大学经济学硕士学位和麻省理工学院经济学博士学位,2000年加入斯坦福大学经济系任教, 在过去 8年里一直担任斯坦福商学院的院长。

Levin校长在演讲中强调,提问是大学生活的核心。他鼓励学生进行苏格拉底式对话。 “与周围的人不同,他乐于接受未知,他乐于提问,但不执着于答案。”

几年前,我参加了一个为大一人文科学班举办的精彩讲座。主题是苏格拉底,主讲人是哲学家乔纳森-李尔。 李尔解释说, 苏格拉底是通过与日常生活中的人交谈来研究哲学的。

他的方法是提出问题,进行苏格拉底式的对话。各种各样的人都来找苏格拉底。 通常,他们会带着某种信念而来,例如,一种正义或虔诚的理论。苏格拉底会向他们提出探究性的问题。他们的信念就会减弱。秘书们会问更多的问题。他们会变得更加不确定,最终陷入混乱状态。他们会匆匆离开。

但苏格拉底却一动不动,因为他与周围的人不同, 他喜欢不知道,喜欢问问题,喜欢没有答案。

人们会告诉你,上大学是为了获取知识,这话不无道理。在斯坦福,你会学到很多理论、事实和技能。 然而,大学的核心是提出问题,是学会欣赏你所不知道的东西,总是有新的方法来处理一个问题,或重构你的思维,或进行更深入的探索。

李尔指出,苏格拉底感兴趣的问题是, 像你们这样的学生如何发展,才能使你们在个人和社会中都得到发展。 李尔认为,苏格拉底感兴趣的问题是--

  • 像你们这样的学生如何发展,才能让你们在个人和社会中都得到发展,你们渴望过什么样的生活?

  • 我如何准备过上美好的生活?

  • 在社会或民主社会中成为公民意味着什么?

这些问题在每一种文化和每一个时代都会被提出,事实上,作为今年大学课程的一部分,你们将被要求解决这些问题。

我希望你们在斯坦福能学到新的学科和技能,无论是国际关系、创意写作还是分子生物学,希望你们能结识成为终身好友的人,希望你们能爱上这所美丽的校园,希望你们能找到自己的职业道路。

现在,我已经把我的愿望告诉了你们,我想和你们分享三点建议。 首先,在斯坦福大学,你将与来自世界各地、有着不同背景、有着广泛兴趣和抱负的人为伍。我们共同面临的挑战之一,就是要创造一个环境,让我们每个人都能怀着不同的热情和观点,茁壮成长。

现在,我非常喜欢电视上的泰德·拉索教练,如果你也是泰德·拉索的粉丝,你一定记得他的格言是: 要好奇,不要评判。 斯坦福是一个对彼此、对思想、对不同观点充满好奇而非评判的地方,这意味着要保持开放的心态,参与对话,对周围的人充满好奇。我希望,如果你从这次演讲中只记住了一件事,你就会记住这一点,因为这确实是斯坦福拥有一个强大社区的核心所在。

其次,在斯坦福大学,你几乎可以选择任何一个知识领域,校园里都会有人处于该领域的前沿。 你可以选修海藻森林生态学、希腊神话、人工智能对社会和经济的影响等数百个课题。你可以参加 650 多个学生俱乐部,这还不算体育运动队。在斯坦福大学,你将面临的最困难的决定之一就是想清楚做什么以及如何打发时间。多年来,我所看到的是,最成功的学生都能取得平衡,他们有意识地设定目标并制定计划,无论是季度计划还是年度计划。但是,他们也为自己留出了机会。他们勇于尝试新事物,冒险结识新朋友。我希望你们能在这里找到这种平衡。

我的第三条也是最后一条建议更具个人色彩。 斯坦福大学不会是一个完美的经历。你们每个人都会遇到失望、沮丧和挫折。你们中的一些人克服了重重困难,今天才坐在这里,在未来的几年里,我们所有人都会遇到困难。

然而 我们也处于一个非常幸运的位置。作为斯坦福大学的学生,许多大门都是敞开的。你可以从事本科生研究,选修诺贝尔奖获得者教授的课程,到佛罗伦萨、开普敦或香港学习。与世界上许多地方相比,你在这里将拥有非同寻常的自由。大多数人都没有这样的机会。他们没有机会来到这里。

因此,我们都应该通过谦卑和服务,努力成为配得上这些环境的人。

👇滑动看演讲原文👇

Convocation remarks by Stanford President Jonathan Levin

First-years, transfer students, and families: Welcome to Stanford!

We’ve been eagerly anticipating your arrival and it was a joy to see you moving in this morning. We’re so glad you’re here.

Like you, I am beginning a new chapter. Although I’ve spent many years on the Stanford faculty – teaching in the economics department, and then as the dean of Stanford’s business school, I am just starting as Stanford’s president.

Like you, I am setting off on a journey of learning and discovery. Over the years, I have come to love Stanford and all that it represents. I’m energized by the opportunities before us, and by our future – the future that you represent.

I couldn’t be more excited to welcome you as my first class.

Watching you arrive brought me back to my own first days as an undergraduate at Stanford, in September of 1990. I grew up on the East Coast, so moving across the country to California was filled with both anticipation and uncertainty.

Now, I’d like to say that 34 years ago, I sat in one of your seats at Convocation and Stanford’s president said something that shaped my time at Stanford, that affected the course of my life, something that I remember decades later.

But actually, I can’t remember anything about Convocation. And assuming I attended, I’m pretty sure I wasn’t paying attention to the president. Because my first week at Stanford, what I was thinking was: Who are all these people? Will any of them become my friends?

I suspect the same may be true for some of you, which is entirely appropriate.

So, now that we’ve established that 34 years from now, you won’t remember this talk, and you may not even remember if you were here, I have a few things I’d like to share.

College is about questions

I’ll start with a story, which is really about my hopes for you at Stanford.

Some years ago, I attended a wonderful lecture for a freshman humanities class. The speaker was the philosopher Jonathan Lear, and the topic was Socrates.

Socrates, as Lear explained, did philosophy by talking to everyday people. The way he did that was to ask questions, to engage in Socratic dialogue.

All sorts of people came to Socrates. Typically, they would arrive with a conviction – for instance, a theory of justice or of piety. Socrates would ask probing questions, and their conviction would weaken. Socrates would ask more questions. They would become even less certain. Eventually, reduced to a state of confusion, they would rush off.

But Socrates stood still. Because unlike the people around him, he was comfortable not knowing. He was comfortable asking questions and not having answers.

That lecture came back to me, thinking about why you are here today.

People will tell you that college is about acquiring knowledge. Of course, there’s a good deal of truth to that. You will learn many theories and facts and skills here at Stanford.

However, at its core, college is about asking questions. It is about learning to appreciate how much you don’t know – that there are always new ways to approach a topic, to reframe your thinking, or to explore more deeply.

Now, Jonathan Lear’s lecture went on to talk about another very relevant point. Lear observed that Socrates was interested in the question of how students, like you, can develop in ways that will allow you to flourish as individuals and in society, and what sort of lives you might aspire to lead.

At the end of the lecture, there were questions from the audience. A student stood up and said, “Professor Lear … how do I live a good life?” I remember the moment vividly: first, because it was a hard question, and second, because for an instant, there was an extraordinary transference, as if we were in the room not with Professor Lear but with Socrates.

Of course, the question was also the point of the lecture. Although you will be plenty busy in the coming weeks making friends, figuring out your classes and activities, and trying to remember where FloMo and Wilbur and Roble are located, part of what we eventually want you to do at Stanford is to engage with big questions: How do I prepare to live a good life? What does it mean to be a citizen in society or in a democracy?

These questions are asked in every culture, and at every time. Indeed, you will be asked to tackle them as part of the COLLEGE curriculum this year.

Wrestling with them is part of what we mean when we say that Stanford will offer you not just skills and a degree but a true liberal education.

So my hope for you at Stanford is that you will learn new subjects and skills, whether it’s international relations or creative writing or molecular biology. That you will meet people who become lifelong friends. That you fall in love with this beautiful campus. That you find a career path. And most of all, that you leave with many questions, and a greater comfort in not knowing all the answers.

A few pieces of advice

Now, I’ve shared my aspirations for you, and I’d like to share three pieces of advice.

Be curious, not judgmental

First, take a moment to look at the 1,700 students gathered around you. Multiply that by four. Add the coterms, the graduate students, the faculty. At Stanford, you will be surrounded by people from every part of the world, from all different backgrounds, with a vast array of interests and aspirations.

One of our collective challenges is to create an environment where each of us, with so many different passions and views, can thrive. If you’ve followed college campuses for the last year, you’ll know it’s not a given.

I’m fond of the television coach Ted Lasso, whose maxim was: “Be curious, not judgmental.” Stanford is a place to be curious, not judgmental: about each other, about ideas, about different perspectives. That means keeping an open mind, getting into conversations, being inquisitive about the people around you.

I hope if you remember one thing from this talk, you’ll remember that, because it is really at the heart of having a strong community at Stanford.

Explore, with intention

Second, here at Stanford, you can pick virtually any field of knowledge, and there will be someone on this campus who is at its frontier.

You can take classes on the ecology of kelp forests, Greek mythology, the social and economic impact of AI, and hundreds of other topics.

You can join more than 650 student clubs, and that’s not even counting the sports teams. When I think back to my own freshman dorm, there were students who joined singing groups, ran for student government, built solar cars, and competed for NCAA championships. A group of my dorm mates broke the world record for leap-frogging, by spending two weeks lapping Wilbur Field during spring quarter.

One of my closest friends joined precisely zero organized activities. Instead, he memorized the names of all 1,700 people in our class. That also worked out just fine – maybe even better than for the leap-froggers.

So one of the hardest decisions you will face at Stanford is figuring out what to do and how to spend your time.

Over many years here, what I have seen is that the students who are most successful strike a balance. They are intentional in setting goals and making plans – for the quarter or the year – but they also leave themselves open to serendipity. They put themselves out there to try new things or take a risk in meeting new people.

I hope you will try to find that balance during your time here.

Gratitude

My third and final piece of advice is more personal.

Stanford will not be a perfect experience. Each of you will have disappointments and frustrations and setbacks. Some of you have overcome significant challenges to sit here today, and in the next few years, all of us will encounter difficulties.

Yet we are also in a fortunate position. As a Stanford student, many doors are open. You can pursue undergraduate research, take courses taught by Nobel laureates, study in Florence or Cape Town or Hong Kong. You will have freedoms here that compared to many parts of the world are extraordinary.







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