一名模特在社交网站上发文，将所有白人称为种族主义者。此举被每日邮报捅出来，该名模特旋即受到许多
“强奸威胁”和“死亡威胁”。文章作者认为，模特所言很可能是事实，种族歧视根植于整个西方社会，是一种结构性的、制度性的不平等。在他看来，任何一个认真支持种族平等的白人都必须是反种族主义者。
对种族歧视问题视而不见就等于推波助澜
译者：赵萌萌&李苏苑
校对：邵海灵
策划：邹世昌
My fellow white people: if you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem
亲爱的白人同胞们：
对问题视而不见就等于推波助澜
本文选自
The Guardian
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Munroe Bergdorf’s assertion that
all white people are racist
has upset many, but society is skewed in our favour and it is right to acknowledge that.
蒙罗伊·伯格多夫曾公开断言：
所有白人都是种族歧视者
。这一言论令很多人心生不满，然而社会的确在向白人倾斜，承认这点才是正确的做法。
Last week, model
Munroe Bergdorf
hit headlines when a statement she’d posted on social media following
the protests in Charlottesville
allegedly calling all white people racist was leaked to
the Daily Mail
. Since then, Bergdorf has received rape threats and death threats, been accused of “playing the victim”, and been sacked from a L’Oréal campaign that, ironically, celebrates diversity.
上周，模特
蒙罗伊•伯格多夫（Munroe Bergdorf）
上了头条。
夏洛茨维尔暴力抗议
活动发生后，她在社交媒体上发布了一则言论，将所有白人称作种族主义者。后来这则言论泄露给了
《每日邮报》（Daily Mail）
。自此，伯格多夫收到了很多强奸与死亡威胁，还被指责“装受害者”。欧莱雅也把她从广告活动中除名，颇为讽刺的是，欧莱雅向来拥护多元化。
For the record, I’m white. I don’t hate other white people. Lots of my friends are white. Yet the statement “all white people are racist” doesn’t make me angry. It makes me sad, because I believe it’s probably true.
实话说，我是白人。我不讨厌其他白人。我的很多朋友都是白人。即便如此，听到“所有白人都是种族主义者”这席话，我也没有生气。我很伤心，因为我觉得这很可能是事实。
Just to be clear: I unequivocally oppose all forms of racism. As a human rights lawyer, I’ve brought cases against individuals, companies and governments for racial discrimination. I’ve attended protests opposing racist policies. I’ve
boycotted
companies that made racist statements or behaved in a discriminatory fashion. I’ve laid wreaths in
the slave dungeons
of west Africa and
gas chambers
of eastern Europe, and I have called out racist language, including when it meant placing myself at risk. I have supported community groups and organisations championing rights for people of colour, and have tried hard to serve them with humility. And, yes, I have lots of black friends. But that doesn’t mean my thoughts or actions have never been tarnished by a subconscious, racially prejudicial thought.
先在此声明一下：我明确反对任何形式的种族歧视。作为一名人权律师，我打过很多涉及个人、企业、政府种族歧视的官司；我参加过反对种族主义政策的游行；我
抵制
过发表种族主义言论、做出种族歧视行为的企业；我曾在西非的
奴隶堡
与东欧的
毒气室
献过花圈；我公开斥责过种族主义语言，即使这意味着我会处于危险之中；我支持拥护有色人种权利的社区团体和组织，努力怀着谦卑之心为他们服务。而且，是的，我有很多黑人朋友，但这并不意味着我的一言一行没有受到任何潜意识的种族偏见想法的玷污。
Too often, we seem to think that racism means actively doing or saying something racist. Not so.
我们总是认为种族主义是指，积极发表种族主义言论，做出种族主义行为，其实不然。
We live in a society that is built on the spoils of racism, and that continues to benefit from inequality in all its forms. Or, as Bergdorf put it: “
Slavery and colonialism
, at the hands of white supremacy, played a huge part in shaping the United Kingdom and much of the west, into the superpower that it is today.”
我们生活的社会建立在种族歧视的赫赫战绩上，这些战绩还在继续从各种形式的不平等汲取养分。亦或，如伯格多夫说的那样，“受白人至上主义的影响，
奴隶制与殖民主义
在英国和其他西方国家的发展过程中占了很大一部分，并使其成为现在这样的超级大国”。
“Why does that make me a racist?!” I hear you ask. It comes down to this: in western society we are all taught (explicitly or implicitly) that
lighter is better
. Those racist narratives are particularly prevalent in the US, but you’re kidding yourself if you think we Britons don’t suffer from the same prejudice. Take, for example, the stereotypical portrayals of black people in the media.
“这怎么就让我变成种族歧视者了？！”你肯定会这么问。是这样的：在西方社会，我们都有意无意地受到这样的教育，告诉我们
越白越好
。这些种族主义言论在美国尤为普遍，如果你觉得我们英国人没有相同的偏见，那就是自欺欺人了。比如，媒体对黑人千篇一律的刻画。
The net effect of this conscious and subconscious racism was reflected in a recent study recreating the landmark doll test of the 1940s. It showed that “we are still living in a society where dark things are devalued and white things are valued’.
一项上世纪40年代著名娃娃测试研究在近期重现，反映出了这种有意无意的种族歧视产生的净效应。结果表明“我们仍然生活在黑色事物不受重视，白色事物更受喜爱的社会中”。
In the 1940s, psychologists
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
designed and conducted a series of experiments known colloquially as “
the doll tests
” to study the psychological effects of segregation on African-American children.
上世纪40年代，科学家
肯尼斯·克拉克与梅米·克拉克
设计并实施了系列实验，即俗称的“
娃娃测试
”。该系列实验研究了学校种族隔离给非裔美国儿童带来的心理影响。
In other words, if you grow up in a racist society, through no fault of your own, some of that racism is bound to stick subconsciously. It’s an unconscious conspiracy in which we are all complicit, unless we fight it.
换句话说，如果你在种族歧视的社会长大，没有犯过任何错误，种族歧视多多少少会在潜意识中扎根。这是无意识的阴谋，我们也都清楚。除非我们勇敢反抗，否则这种无意识很难去除。
But there’s more.
但类似的例子还有太多。
As Bergdorf said “…western society as a whole, is a SYSTEM rooted in white supremacy – designed to benefit, prioritise and protect white people before anyone of any other race”.
正如
伯格多夫
所言：“白人至上的观念已经根植于整个西方社会——其社会体系在建立之初，就是为了让白人受益，白人优先，让白人受保护的程度优于其他任何种族。”
There’s a lot of evidence to support that claim. For example, you’re six times more likely to get stopped by the police if you’re black. Unemployment rates are twice as high for ethnic minorities than for white people. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) people are more likely to suffer from mental health problems and experience discrimination in accessing mental health crisis care. People from BAME groups are more likely to experience homelessness, and the number of hate crimes in the UK doubled this year.
许多证据都可以支持以上的言论。比如，如果你是黑人，你被警察拦下接受检查的几率就是白人的六倍；少数族裔的失业率是白人的两倍；黑人和少数族裔群体（BAME）更容易出现心理健康问题，且更容易在接受心理治疗时受到歧视；BAME群体里的人更有可能无家可归，且英国今年的仇恨犯罪数量已增至去年的两倍。
BAME
：short for ‘Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic’
hate crimes
：部分或全部由于犯罪人对种族、宗教、残疾、种族特点，国籍，或性别的偏见而导致的一种针对个人或财产的刑事侵犯行为。
Our society has
structural inequalities
that benefit white people over people of colour (in the same way that structural inequalities around class, gender, sexuality, age and disability benefit certain groups over others). I benefit from that white privilege, and if you’re white, so do you. It’s not a choice we made, but it is a fact. And, significantly, we benefit from that at the cost of people of colour. If, as a white person, I am more likely to get hired than my equally competent BAME counterpart (something that has been amply documented), then I am benefiting from my white privilege as part of a systemically racist society. When there is only so much of the pie to go around, getting more than your fair share inevitably comes at the cost of someone else.
我们的社会存在
结构上的不平等
，而这使得白人受益多于有色人种。（同样，在涉及阶层、性别、性取向、年龄以及身体残障上的结构性不平等，也导致特定群体比其他群体更为受益。）我就是白人至上的受益者，如果你是白人，那你也跟我一样。这不是你我的选择，但事实就是如此。而且，尤为重要的是，我们的受益是以有色人种的利益受损为代价的。如果仅是因为我的白人身份，我就比那些与我具有同等能力的BAME竞争对手更有机会被雇主聘用，（诸如此类，不胜枚举）那么，我也受益于白人特权—— 这一特权已成为系统性种族主义社会的一部分。当社会的蛋糕一定时，如果你分到的多于你应得的，那不可避免他人的利益就要受损。
I’m sure most of the people who were upset by Bergdorf’s statements would never be racially abusive or violent. But in a society that is still too often skewed in favour of white people, at the cost of everyone else, that is not enough. As Bergdorf states: “Institutionalised, systemic racism is just as damaging as a violent, racist attack.”
我确信，大多数对
伯格多夫
的言论表示不安的人们从来没有对少数族裔动过粗。但是，在这样一个明显倾向于以他人受损为代价来优待白人的社会里，这是远远不够的。正如
伯格多夫
所言：“制度性、系统性的种族歧视，就和针对不同种族的暴力袭击一样具有破坏性。”
