① 前景预判(1a-1)。前景预判是指领导者能够超前辨识环境变化蕴含的发展机会,并通过描绘共同的理想,驱动组织快速做出反应和调整。华源成立初期对未来发展方向非常重要的判断标准是国家的政策方针。以华源股改为例,1992 年是中国改革开放历史上的关键年份,其中一个重要动向就是为股份制正名。华源快速洞察到政策方针中蕴含的机会,构建了“创始股、优先股、基金股和岗位股”的分配体系,一举扭转了创业初期产权不清、权责不明的不利局面。此外,华源在发展初期就根据国家的“五年规划纲要”制定企业的五年战略规划,董事长亲自牵头,以部门为单位认真学习国家五年规划纲要,有针对性地总结谋划企业的未来发展规划。研究团队曾深度追踪华源在国家五年规划出台前后的工作日程,发现在此期间华源开展了密集的年度交流与汇报工作,仅华源董事长1 个月内正式参与的部门工作会议就达到32 场。
① 标杆示范(1b-1)。标杆示范指组织的领导者将对愿景的响应融入实际行动中,通过在组织内部做出表率和树立榜样,赢得组织成员的信任和尊重。自华源成立以来,华源董事长非常重视在组织内部打造个人标杆,从创业初期参与生产攻坚,到与日本客户周旋和开展商务谈判,再到亲自带队与美国反倾销开展为期388 天的“斗法”,甚至多次主动把自己在企业的股份分割转让,让更多的中层管理人员持股,华源董事长一直向团队成员传递一致的声音和以身作则的领导形象。这在组织内部营造了一种信任文化,降低了达成组织目标共识的阻力。
① 优秀干部孵化(2a-1)。优秀干部孵化是指在组织内部选拔和培养有信仰、有能力的管理干部,发挥“关键少数”干部在团队内部的先锋带头作用。华源在干部孵化方面极具特色,创建初期就将党建文化定位为组织文化建设的根基,推行党委班子和经营管理层“双向进入”,在组织内选拔培养管理干部。华源党总支提出“三培养”计划,对业绩突出、考核优秀的党员业务骨干,在职务晋升方面给予优先考虑,充分调动党员职工的工作积极性。此外,为了充分调动管理干部活力,华源采取了发展“根据地”的发展模式,组织最初的核心骨干成员分别组建并负责一个分公司,实现裂变式发展,并按照“最优秀的人培养更优秀的人”的方式继续培养下一代管理干部群体,进入关键的业务团队中。
② 干部下沉一线(2a-2)。干部下沉一线是指干部以身作则深入实际发现并解决问题,带领团队成员实现组织目标。华源认为随着企业规模的扩张,组织会滋生出阻碍企业继续发展的慢性综合症,而导致这种问题产生最直接的因素就是干部的麻木。为了激发团队层活力,华源重点践行“群众路线”,充分贯彻“支部建在连上”的指导原则。华源要求所有干部必须深入基层,团结动员并密切联系群众,保证组织的触角可以伸展到团队内部,这样集团的政策方针可以得到贯彻,政令畅通。此外,华源的干部不仅要担任领导角色,还要承担团队中的“战斗员”角色,坚决贯彻执行华源管理干部队伍的“三个在先”原则,即急难任务干部攻坚在先、志愿活动干部服务在先、人才培养干部示范在先,要求干部能够与团队成员同甘共苦,带领团队成员完成组织目标。
① 价值基准锚定(3a-1)。价值基准锚定是指通过不断筛选、评估和宣传先锋模范的事迹,有意识地设定价值评判基准,刺激组织成员以此为参照不断调整自我认知。在提升员工价值认知方面,华源极注重培养先进典型,并以此作为员工晋升考核的重要标准。此外,为深化员工对于先锋模范的认识,华源制定并出台了一系列制度对先锋模范进行表彰,并在评选出先锋模范后,由华源党总支牵头,各分公司联合党支部推动,开展先锋模范学习活动,并制订具体学习计划。华源对于先锋模范带动作用的重视,相当于以先锋模范的价值标准在集团内部设定一个基准锚点,促使组织内部员工主动在此基准上调整自己的价值认知。
① 组织认同建构(3b-1)。组织认同建构是指通过在组织内部营造归属、共生的组织文化,将个人身份融入组织中,培育形成一致的价值观念和行为规范,提升员工对组织的情感认同,主要表现为营造归属感、明确家规及传递一致的价值观念。华源员工大部分是张家房子村的村民,为了给员工营造归属感,华源先后投资5000 万,兴建3 万多平方米的住宅楼、文化活动中心供村民职工使用;投资2000 多万元建立华源小学和幼儿园,打造一流的教育环境,从根本上解决外来务工人员子女的入学问题,解除员工的后顾之忧;在明确家规方面,华源认为好的家风源于严明的纪律,由集团党委和各分公司联合党支部主抓组织的纪律,严惩违反组织纪律的管理干部和员工;组织认同建构重点在于传递一致的价值观念,华源坚持把“公司和员工利益重于一切”的价值信仰转化为员工的行为习惯,经过长期积淀,价值观念进一步具象为组织员工共同的情感态度和行为取向。
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