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只要你有智能手机就能降低你的脑力
研究者发现在参与调查的人员中，那些将手机放在另外个房间的被调查者们得到的工作绩效远大于那些将手机放在桌上的调查者们。
当你的智能手机在你可触及范围内时，你的认知能力会大大的降低
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即使它是在关机状态。这是在位于奥斯丁的德克萨斯州立大学
MoCombs
商学院研究得出的结论。
McCombs副教授AdrianWard与合著者们进行了对近乎800名智能手机使用者进行了实验。试图去首次测试在手机在他们触手可及范围内时他们完成任务的效率。
在一次实验中，研究者要求被调查者坐在电脑前完成一系列的测试，并要求需要全身心投入。测试的目的是为了衡量被调查者认知能力的程度
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换言之，在规定的时间内大脑接受和处理数据的能力。在开始前，被调查者被随机指定把智能手机放在桌子上，放在口袋里，或者放在自己的袋子里，或者放在别的房间里。所有人的手机在静音状态。
研究者发现那些将手机放在另外个房间的被调查者们得到的工作绩效远大于那些将手机放在桌上的调查者们，并且他们的绩效比那些将手机放在包里或者口袋里被调查者略微大些。
这些发现表明即使有些人自认为是将所有的注意力和焦点放在手头上的任务，但只要你有智能手机在可触及范围内就能降低你的认知能力并且削弱你的认知功能。
“
我们看到一个线性趋势，它表明随着智能手机变得更加显眼，被调查者可用的认知能力就会下降，
”Ward
说道。
“
你的意识思维并不是在想着你的智能手机，而是这个过程
——
要求你自己不要去想某件事情的过程
——
它耗尽了你有限的认知资源。这是脑力消耗。
”
在另外个实验中，研究者研究了一个人对智能手机的依赖性是如何影响认知能力的。也就是他
/
她认为自己需要一个智能手机来度一天有多强烈程度。被调查者和第一组一样，对他们进行了一系列的计算机测试，随机地将他们的智能手机放在桌子上、口袋里或包里，或者放在另一个房间里。在这个实验中，一些被调查者还被要求关机。
研究者发现，最依赖智能手机的被调查者比依赖性较低的伙伴们表现得更差，但只有当他们把智能手机放在桌子上或口袋或包里时。
Ward
和他的同事们也发现无论一个人的手机是否开机，或者无论手机屏幕是朝上还是朝下，只要手机在可触及范围内，一个人专注和表现能力就会下降，因为他们他们大脑的一部分是在考虑是否要拿起手机。
“
这并不是被调查者因为手机上的提醒功能而分心，
”Ward
说，
“
智能手机的存在足以降低他们的认知能力。
”
文章来源：
材料提供于University of Texas at Austin (UTAustin).
注
:
文章内容或许略有改动
.
参考资料:
AdrianF. Ward, Kristen Duke, Ayelet Gneezy, Maarten W. Bos.
BrainDrain: The Mere Presence of One’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available CognitiveCapacity
.
Journal of the Association for Consumer Research
,2017; 2 (2): 140 DOI:
10.1086/691462
English Version
The mere presence of your smartphone reduces brain
power
The researchers found that
participants with their phones in another room significantly outperformed those
with their phones on the desk
Your
cognitive capacity is significantly reduced when your smartphone is within
reach -- even if it's off. That's the takeaway finding from a new study from
the McCombs School of Business at The University of Texas at Austin.
McCombs
Assistant Professor Adrian Ward and co-authors conducted experiments with nearly
800 smartphone users in an attempt to measure, for the first time, how well
people can complete tasks when they have their smartphones nearby even when
they're not using them.
In
one experiment, the researchers asked study participants to sit at a computer
and take a series of tests that required full concentration to score well. The
tests were geared to measure participants' available cognitive capacity -- that
is, the brain's ability to hold and process data at any given time. Before
beginning, participants were randomly instructed to place their smartphones
either on the desk face down, in their pocket or personal bag, or in another
room. All participants were instructed to turn their phones to silent.
The
researchers found that participants with their phones in another room
significantly outperformed those with their phones on the desk, and they also
slightly outperformed those participants who had kept their phones in a pocket
or bag.
The
findings suggest that the mere presence of one's smartphone reduces available
cognitive capacity and impairs cognitive functioning, even though people feel
they're giving their full attention and focus to the task at hand. "We see
a linear trend that suggests that as the smartphone becomes more noticeable, participants'
available cognitive capacity decreases," Ward said. "Your conscious
mind isn't thinking about your smartphone, but that process -- the process of
requiring yourself to not think about something -- uses up some of your limited
cognitive resources. It's a brain drain."
In
another experiment, researchers looked at how a person's self-reported
smartphone dependence -- or how strongly a person feels he or she needs to have
a smartphone in order to get through a typical day -- affected cognitive
capacity. Participants performed the same series of computer-based tests as the
first group and were randomly assigned to keep their smartphones either in
sight on the desk face up, in a pocket or bag, or in another room. In this
experiment, some participants were also instructed to turn off their phones.
