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上期句子好像有点小难哈，看大家的翻译不太对头😂，最后小半句主干是normal return is the minimum needed，即正常汇报（正常利润率）是让私营项目收回成本（worthwhile-项目值得投资）的最低利润水平。【与之对比的是超额回报，指超过正常利润率的那部分回报】
Exempting from capital taxation modest “normal” returns
,
which are usually measured by the interest rate on low-risk bonds
,
cuts
distortions, as the normal return is in theory the minimum needed to make private-sector projects worthwhile.
对适度“正常”回报(通常用低风险债券的利率来衡量)进行免税可以减少税收扭曲，因为正常回报在理论上是使私营部门项目收回成本所需的最低水平。
Exempting from 对...免税
as ...在这里表示因为...
专家们现在认为，美国无法在短时间里实现群体免疫。这一疾病不但不会被基本击退，反而会成为一种相对可控的威胁，持续影响几代人。造成这一后果的主要原因，是大约30%的美国人不愿意接种疫苗。
Americans have always been an individualistic people who don’t like being told what to do. But in times of crisis, they have historically still had the capacity to form what Alexis de Tocqueville called a “social body,” a coherent community capable of collective action. During World War I, for example, millions served at home and abroad to win a
faraway
war, responding to recruiting posters that read “I Want You” and “Americans All.”
美国人一直是崇尚个人主义的民族，不喜欢听别人的指挥。但在危机时刻，他们在历史上仍有能力形成亚历克西·德·托克维尔所说的“社会团体”，即一个能够采取集体行动的协调一致的群体。例如，在第一次世界大战期间，为了赢得这场遥远的战争，数百万人在国内外服役，响应了“我要你入伍”和“全体美国人”的征兵海报。
That basic sense of
peoplehood
, of belonging to a common enterprise with a shared destiny, is exactly what’s lacking today. Researchers and reporters who talk to the vaccine-hesitant find that the levels of distrust, suspicion and alienation that have marred politics are now
thwarting
the vaccination process.
They find people who doubt the competence of the medical establishment or any establishment, who assume as a matter of course that their fellow countrymen are out to con, deceive and harm them.
那种对民族性、对属于一个命运共同体的基本意识，正是今天的美国人所缺乏的。研究人员和采访过不愿接种者的记者发现，已经损害了政治的不信任、猜疑和分化如今正在阻挠疫苗接种的进展。
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
This “the only person you can trust is yourself”
mentality
has a tendency to cause people to conceive of themselves as individuals and not as citizens. Derek Thompson of The Atlantic recently contacted more than a dozen people who were refusing to get a Covid-19 vaccine. They often used an argument you’ve probably heard, too: I’m not especially vulnerable. I may have already gotten the virus. If I get it in the future it won’t be that bad. Why should I take a risk on an experimental vaccine?
这种“你唯一能信任的人就是你自己”的心态促使人们把自己视为个体，而非公民。最近，《大西洋月刊》的德里克·汤普森联系了十几个拒绝接种新冠疫苗的人。他们经常使用的论点你可能也听过：我又没有什么危险。我可能已经感染过病毒了。如果我未来感染了也不会那么严重。我为什么要冒险接种实验性的疫苗？
They are reasoning mostly on a personal basis. They are thinking about what’s right for them as individuals more than what’s right for the nation and the most vulnerable people in it. It’s not that they are rebuking their responsibilities as citizens; it apparently never occurs to them that they might have any. When Thompson asked them to think in broader terms, they seemed surprised and off balance.
他们的推理大多基于个人。他们考虑的是对个人而言，什么是正确的，而非对这个国家及其最弱势群体而言，什么是正确的。这不是说他们不认可自己作为公民的责任；显然他们从不觉得自己应该承担任何责任。当汤普森要他们从更广的角度进行思考，他们似乎感到惊讶并深受震撼。
Trust levels in any society tend to be reasonably accurate representations of how
trustworthy
that society has been. Trust is the ratio of the times someone has shown up for you versus the times somebody has betrayed you.
Marginalized groups
tend to be the most distrustful, for good reasons — they’ve been betrayed.The other thing to say is that once it is established, distrust tends to accelerate. If you distrust the people around you because you think they have bad values or are out to hurt you, then you are going to be slow to
reach out
to solve common problems.
任何社会的信任水平往往都合理准确地反映出该社会值得信任的程度。信任度就是某人支持你的次数与某人出卖你的次数之比。边缘化群体往往最不愿信任，这是有合理解释的——因为他们被出卖了。
另一件事就是，不信任一旦生根，往往就会加速发展。如果你不信任周围的人，因为你觉得他们价值取向糟糕或想要伤害你，那解决常见问题时候就会拖拖拉拉。
本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
发布时间：2021.05.13
作者：DAVID BROOKS
原文标题：Our Pathetic Herd Immunity Failure
