全文翻译自《财富》6月3日文章
原题：Has Donald Trump Ceded Global Leadership to China’s Xi Jinping?
作者：Clay Chandler
译者：冬天毛
冬天毛导读：
这是个有意思的时代，美国媒体每天对内对外基本都只剩下黑了，黑老爷是习惯，黑中国是传统。不过有一点分析比较中肯，那就是不论好坏，中西毕竟意识形态分歧很大，就算合作也是同床异梦；这篇文章也解释了前两天中欧布鲁塞尔会面的新闻发布会延迟3小时的原因：显然有些问题没谈拢。
《财富》（英语：Fortune）是一本美国商业杂志，由亨利·路思义创办于1930年，拥有专业财经分析和报道，以经典的案例分析见长，是世界上最有影响力的商业杂志之一。现属时代华纳旗下的时代公司。《财富》杂志自1954年推出世界500强排行榜，历来都成为经济界关注的焦点，影响巨大。《财富》杂志举办了一系列引人注目的财经论坛，如开始于1995年、著名的“财富全球论坛”（即世界500强年会）便是其中之一。
（维基百科）
正文：
2017年4月6日，唐纳德·特朗普总统和中国主席习近平在弗罗里达州棕榈滩海湖庄园的晚宴上握手。
Since Xi Jinping's pilgrimage to Davos last January, pundits the world over have hailed him as the new champion of globalization and open markets. It has become fashionable to invoke Xi as a foil for Donald Trump, contrasting his promises that China will "keep its door wide open" and "say no to protectionism" with the U.S. president's defiant vows to close borders, build walls, re-write trade agreements and put "America First."
自从习近平一月的达沃斯之行以来（冬天毛注：瑞士滑雪胜地，世界经济论坛年会所在地），世界各地的专家就将他奉为了全球化和开放市场的新卫士。人们当中越来越流行将习用作唐纳德·特朗普的对比人物，用他对中国将“敞开大门”和“拒绝保护主义”的承诺，凸显美国总统誓言闭关建墙、改写贸易协议和“优先美国”的目中无人。
Trump offered new fodder for that view this week with his petulant tour of Europe, his refusal to affirm the principle of mutual defense for members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and his announcement Thursday that the U.S. is "getting out" of the Paris agreement on climate change.
而在这周，特朗普用他欧洲之旅中的粗暴言行、对北约成员国相互保卫原则的断然否定，以及周四关于美国将“撤出”巴黎气候协定的公告，为这种视角进一步添砖加瓦。
Western commentators were quick to proclaim a changing of the guard. Columbia University economist Jeffery Sachs charged that in pulling U.S. support for the Paris accord, Trump was not only forfeiting global leadership, but leading America right out of the civilized world. In the Los Angeles Times Tracy Wilkinson saw Trump's withdrawal from the climate deal as "the most concrete sign yet" that his America first foreign policy "has begun to disrupt the global order and ultimately could cede Washington's dominant role on the world stage to China." New York Times Washington correspondent David Sanger called Trump's climate decision a "strategic gift to the Chinese, who are eager to fill the void that Washington is leaving around the world on everything from setting the rules of trade and environmental standards to financing the infrastructure projects that give Beijing vast influence." The Atlantic's Isaac Stone Fish declared China "the world's most likable superpower."
西方国家的媒体评论员们立刻交接了立场。哥伦比亚大学的经济学家杰弗里·萨克斯控诉称，特朗普将美国撤出巴黎协定一举不仅是对全球领袖角色的放弃，更是把美国直接拉出了文明社会。洛杉矶时报的特蕾西·威尔金森认为，特朗普从气候协议中的撤离是他的美国优先外交政策“已经开始扰乱全球秩序，并可能最终将华盛顿在世界舞台上的统领角色退让给中国”的“迄今为止最明确的信号”。纽约时报驻华盛顿记者大卫·桑格将特朗普的气候决策称为“给中国人的战略礼物，他们巴不得赶紧占据华盛顿在全世界留下的各种空位，设立贸易准则和环境标准，出资发展基建项目，赋予北京巨大的影响力”。大西洋杂志的艾萨克·费什称中国为“世界上最可亲的超级强国”。
But hang on a minute. Trump's eagerness to cast aside the mantle of global leadership and Xi's willingness to take it up are different things. Fish, at least, acknowledged the obvious, which is that "China is an illiberal, authoritarian nation" that has been run by the same party for seven decades—making it an unlikely global leader, at least for most Western countries. China has had little success in projecting "soft power" (despite considerable effort and investment), and has far less recent experience than the U.S. in managing global affairs. Indeed, since the 1980s, China has eschewed formal alliances with other nations as a matter of policy; the only two countries that come close to qualifying as China's strategic allies are Pakistan and North Korea.
但是且慢。特朗普想赶紧把世界领袖的披风扔到一边，而习愿意将它拾起，这终归是两码事。费什至少也承认了明摆着的道理，那就是“中国是一个非自由主义的威权国家”，被同一个政党统治了70年，这使它不太可能真的领导全球，至少对大部分西方国家来说不可能。中国在“软实力”的投射方面并不成功（尽管投入很大），而处理全球事务的经验和美国相比要少得多。自1980年以来，中国确实也在政策上避免了和其他国家正式结盟；只有两个国家大致符合了中国战略盟友的条件，那就是巴基斯坦和朝鲜。
And for all the lofty rhetoric about globalization and open markets the reality is Xi has tightened the flow of capital and investment across China's borders since taking power, and tends to the demands of his domestic constituents no less carefully than Trump. On Friday, those constituents helped scuttle a plan for China and the European Union to issue a joint statement of support for the Paris climate accord at high-level trade talks in Brussels. China, the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has said it will honor the Paris deal. But Chinese officials balked at European demands for trade liberalization and formal assurances that Beijing will scale back excess production by Chinese steel companies.
至于所有那些关于全球化和开放市场的宏篇高论，现实情况是习自从上台以来就加紧了对跨境资本流动和投资的限制；他对国内人民需求的细心听取不亚于特朗普。就在周五在布鲁塞尔进行的高层贸易对话中，中国与欧盟发表共同声明支持巴黎气候协定的计划搁浅，中国人民的需求就在其中起到了作用。中国作为全世界最大的温室气体排放国，表示将遵守巴黎协议，然而当欧盟方就贸易自由化提出要求，并请求北京就减少中国钢铁企业过剩产量做出正式担保时，中方官员却表示了抗拒。
Or consider China's new cybersecurity law which came into force on Thursday. China says the new measures are aimed at protecting the privacy of its citizens and fighting cyberterrorism. But companies from the U.S., Europe and Japan have decried the new law as thinly disguised "cyber-protectionism." Critics say the new rules will raise costs disproportionately for foreign firms, force them to surrender source code, and give Chinese regulators unprecedented access to their data and technologies.
或者看看中国周四开始实行的最新网络安全法吧。中国称，新法规着眼于保护公民的隐私以及对抗网络恐怖主义，但美国、欧洲和日本的公司却批评了新法，称其为几乎毫不掩饰的“网络保护主义”。批评者称，新法规将不成比例地提高外国公司的成本，迫使他们上交源代码，并使中方监管者对他们的数据和技术掌握前所未有的获取权限。
Those measures add to the myriad other restrictions on foreign technology firms in China. The list of global tech giants to have been banned or held to a token presence in China includes Amazon, Facebook, Google, eBay, PayPal, Netflix, Twitter and Uber.
在这些新法规之前，中国已经对外国科技公司施加了无数的限制。在中国被禁入或者只能象征性运作的全球科技巨头包括亚马逊、Facebook、谷歌、eBay、PayPal、网飞、推特和优步。
Leaders of global firms operating in China say doing business there has become far more difficult in the five years since Xi became president. A recent survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in China found that more than 81% of its members feel China has become "less welcoming" to foreign businesses, up from 41% who felt that in 2013. None of this is meant to endorse Trump's lurch towards isolationism or detract from Xi's pledge for an open China. It is rather to suggest that both men share a vision of global leadership that has far more in common than the pundits and their own rhetoric would have us believe.
在中国运营的全球企业的领袖们表示，在习成为主席后的五年以来，在中国做生意比以前困难多了。美国商会最近在中国进行的一份调查显示，其81%的成员感到中国对外国公司“越来越不友好”，而2013年时只有41%的成员有这样的感觉。我说这些的意思既不是认可特朗普那跌跌撞撞的孤立主义之路，也不是想要贬损习对于开放中国的承诺，而是想要表明，与那些专家和他们的个人言论给我们造成的印象不同，这两个人在全球领袖方面的视角是有多得多的共通之处的。
全文到此结束
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