参考资料:
[1] http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/
[2] http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/en/
[3]http://wcrf.org/int/research-we-fund/our-cancer-prevention-recommendations/body-fatness
[4] Picon‐Ruiz M, Morata‐Tarifa C, Valle‐Goffin J J, et al. Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome: Mechanistic insights and strategies for intervention[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2017.
[5]Calle, E.E., et al., Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med, 2003. 348(17): p. 1625-38.
[6] Reeves, G.K., et al., Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ, 2007. 335(7630): p. 1134.
[7] Renehan, A.G., et al., Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet, 2008. 371(9612): p. 569-78.
[8] Cecchini, R.S., et al., Body mass index and the risk for developing invasive breast cancer among high-risk women in NSABP P-1 and STAR breast cancer prevention trials. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2012. 5(4): p. 583-92.
[9] Chan, D.S., et al., Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol, 2014. 25(10): p. 1901-14.
[10] Chlebowski, R.T., E. Aiello and A. McTiernan, Weight loss in breast cancer patient management. J Clin Oncol, 2002. 20(4): p. 1128-43
[11] Nichols, H.B., et al., Body mass index before and after breast cancer diagnosis: associations with all-cause, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009. 18(5): p. 1403-9.
[12] Eliassen, A.H., et al., Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. JAMA, 2006. 296(2): p. 193-201.
[13] Christou, N.V., et al., Bariatric surgery reduces cancer risk in morbidly obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2008. 4(6): p. 691-5.
[14] Sjostrom, L., et al., Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial. Lancet Oncol, 2009. 10(7): p. 653-62.
[15]Tilg, H. and A.R. Moschen, Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol, 2006. 6(10): p. 772-83.
[16] Catalan, V., et al., Adipose tissue immunity and cancer. Front Physiol, 2013. 4: p. 275.
[17] Nicolini, A., A. Carpi and G. Rossi, Cytokines in breast cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2006. 17(5): p. 325-37.
[18] Sansone, P., et al., IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland. J Clin Invest, 2007. 117(12): p. 3988-4002.
[19] Tsuyada, A., et al., CCL2 mediates cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts that regulates breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Res, 2012. 72(11): p. 2768-79.
[20] Velasco-Velazquez, M., et al., CCR5 antagonist blocks metastasis of basal breast cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2012. 72(15): p. 3839-50.
[21] [18].Gonzalez-Perez, R.R., V. Lanier and G. Newman, Leptin's Pro-Angiogenic Signature in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel), 2013. 5(3): p. 1140-62.
[22].Esquivel-Velazquez, M., et al., The role of cytokines in breast cancer development and progression. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2015. 35(1): p. 1-16.
[23] Brown, S.B. and S.E. Hankinson, Endogenous estrogens and the risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Steroids, 2015. 99(Pt A): p. 8-10.
[24].O'Shea, D., et al., Natural killer cells in obesity: impaired function and increased susceptibility to the effects of cigarette smoke. PLoS One, 2010. 5(1): p. e8660.
[25].Laue, T., et al., Altered NK cell function in obese healthy humans. BMC Obes, 2015. 2: p. 1.
[26].James, B.R., et al., Diet-induced obesity alters dendritic cell function in the presence and absence of tumor growth. J Immunol, 2012. 189(3): p. 1311-21.
[27].Thune, I., et al., Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 1997. 336(18): p. 1269-75.
[28].Schmid, D. and M.F. Leitzmann, Association between physical activity and mortality among breast cancer and colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol, 2014. 25(7): p. 1293-311.
[29].Lahart, I.M., et al., Physical activity, risk of death and recurrence in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Acta Oncol, 2015. 54(5): p. 635-54.
[30]Chlebowski, R.T., et al., Dietary fat reduction and breast cancer outcome: interim efficacy results from the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2006. 98(24): p. 1767-76.
[31] [28].Campbell, K.L., et al., Reduced-calorie dietary weight loss, exercise, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 2012. 30(19): p. 2314-26.
[32]Goodwin, P.J., et al., Randomized trial of a telephone-based weight loss intervention in postmenopausal women with breast cancer receiving letrozole: the LISA trial. J Clin Oncol, 2014. 32(21): p. 2231-9.
[33]Campbell, K.L., et al., Reduced-calorie dietary weight loss, exercise, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 2012. 30(19): p. 2314-26.