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外刊阅读20240921｜糖对大脑有毒？

考研英语外刊阅读 · 公众号 · · 2024-09-21 07:59

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——大橙子留

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上期划线句答案

Chimpanzees have used twigs to fish for termites and ants, but they haven’t made any lasting improvements to the tool itself or how the tool is used.

虽然黑猩猩会用树枝捕捉白蚁和蚂蚁，但它们没有对工具或使用方法做出任何持久的改进。

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本期内容

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双语阅读

Para.1

Apart from those on a very restricted low-carb/ ketogenic diet or those engaging in fasting, most people’s brains primarily run on glucose . Research indicates that as we age, our brains may have more trouble getting access to this fuel. This is even more pronounced in Alzheimer’s disease, which has been sometimes labeled “type 3 diabetes” for this reason.

除了那些严格控制碳水化合物摄入的低碳/生酮饮食者或禁食的人，大多数人的大脑运转主要靠葡萄糖。研究显示，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑获取这种能源的能力可能会减弱。在阿尔茨海默病中，这种情况尤为明显，因此有时阿尔茨海默病被称为“3型糖尿病”。

1. ketogenic

英/ ˌkiːtəʊˈdʒenɪk /

adj.[生化] 生酮的；能转化为酮的

2. engage in

参与，从事；使参与

3. glucose

英/ ˈɡluːkəʊs /美/ ˈɡluːkoʊs /

n.葡萄糖；葡糖（等于 dextrose）

Para.2

Conditions associated with poor blood sugar regulation are linked to higher risk for brain conditions. For example, type 2 diabetes may increase risk for dementia by 60%, and even insulin resistance is now linked to worse cognition. Conditions of very high and very low blood sugar are dangerous to our brains, and we’re learning that too much variability between highs and lows may also be an issue.

血糖调节不良相关的疾病与更高的大脑疾病患病风险之间存在关联。例如，2型糖尿病可能使患老年痴呆的风险增加60％，甚至胰岛素抵抗现在也与认知能力下降有关。血糖过高或过低都会对我们的大脑造成危险，而我们现在也了解到血糖高低之间的变化过大可能也会是个问题。

1. dementia

英/ dɪˈmenʃə /美/ dɪˈmenʃə /

n.痴呆，精神错乱

2. insulin

英/ ˈɪnsjəlɪn /美/ ˈɪnsəlɪn /

n.胰岛素

3. variability

英/ ˌveəriəˈbɪləti /美/ ˌveriəˈbɪləti /

n.可变性，变化性；[生物][数] 变异性

Para.3

Both high dietary added sugar and high or variable blood sugar have been linked to worse brain outcomes by way of processes like insulin resistance (which may make it harder for our brains to access glucose) as well as inflammation , which over time has been linked to higher risk for conditions like depression as well as dementia. Mechanistically, high blood sugar levels may lead to the development of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) which generate oxidative stress that promotes inflammation.

翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~ 从机制上看，高血糖水平可能导致高级糖基化终产物的形成，这会引发氧化应激，进而促进炎症。

1. dietary

英/ ˈdaɪətəri /美/ ˈdaɪəteri /

adj.饮食的

n.规定（或限制）的饮食

2. inflammation

英/ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn /

n.发炎，炎症

3. glycation

n.糖化；加糖作用

4. oxidative

英/ ˈɒksɪdeɪtɪv /美/ ɑːksɪˈdeɪtɪv /

adj.[化学] 氧化的

Para.4

Excess dietary added sugar also contributes to the development of over-inflated fat cells , which are also believed to promote more inflammation in the body that may damage the brain. One important point to make here is that fructose , which is a dietary sugar found naturally in fruits and a common component of added sugars in foods and beverages , does not raise blood sugar like glucose, but may still have long-term detrimental effects on brain function through inflammation as well.

膳食添加糖过量还会导致脂肪细胞过度膨胀，这些细胞被认为会在体内诱发更多炎症，可能损害大脑。这里一个重要的观点是果糖，它是水果中天然存在的膳食糖，也是食品和饮料中常见的添加糖的一个成分，它不像葡萄糖那样会使血糖升高，但仍可能通过炎症对大脑功能产生长期有害影响。

1. fat cell

脂肪细胞

2. fructose

英/ ˈfrʌktəʊs; ˈfrʌktəʊz /美/ ˈfrʌktoʊs; ˈfrʌktoʊz /

n.[有化] 果糖；左旋糖

3. beverage

英/ ˈbevərɪdʒ /美/ ˈbevərɪdʒ /

n.饮料

4. detrimental

英/ ˌdetrɪˈment(ə)l /美/ ˌdetrɪˈment(ə)l /

adj.有害的，不利的

n.有害的人（或物）

Para.5

外刊阅读20240921｜糖对大脑有毒？

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