傅利民｜孟戏的“腔”与“调”

中国音乐ChineseMusic · 公众号 · · 2024-09-17 14:11

正文

孟戏的“腔”与“调”

傅利民

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摘要 : 孟戏是指江西广昌甘竹地区于每年正月演出《孟姜女》故事用于本宗酬神祭祖的一种活动。孟戏有两种，一种是曾姓演出的“曾家孟戏”，一种为刘姓演出的“刘家孟戏”。本文在对孟戏的唱腔、剧目及相关曲牌进行考察分析与研究的基础上认为：孟戏为高腔，孟戏唱腔中存在海盐性的孟戏高腔曲牌。对于孟戏的调，艺人们在实践中有“不寻宫数调”的做法，具有较大的灵活性特点。因此，对于孟戏“调”和“腔”内涵的深入探究具有重要的乐学价值和实践意义。

关键词 : 孟戏；声腔；宫调

中图分类号 : J607 文献标识码 : A

文章编号 : 1002-9923（2024）05-0006-09

DOI: 10.13812/j.cnki.cn11-1379/j.2024.05.001

作者简介: 傅利民（1960— ），男，汉族，博士，中国音乐学院教授、江西科技师范大学音乐学院特聘教授、博士生导师。

基金项目: 本文为2022年度国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“中国乐学理论体系研究”（项目编号：22ZD12）的阶段成果。

The "Accent" and "Tune" of Meng Opera

○Fu Limin

Abstract: Mengxi Opera refers to the performance of the story of "Meng Jiangnü" in the Ganzhu area of Guangchang, Jiangxi, during the first month of the lunar year as part of ancestral worship and deity veneration rituals. There are two types of Mengxi Opera: "Zeng Family Mengxi," performed by the Zeng family, and "Liu Family Mengxi," performed by the Liu family. Based on an examination and analysis of the vocal styles, repertoire, and related musical pieces of Mengxi Opera, this paper posits that Mengxi Opera features a high-pitched style and includes Haiyan-style high-pitched tunes. In practice, performers often exhibit considerable flexibility in the use of pitch, eschewing fixed modes and scales. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the "accent" and "tune" of Mengxi Opera holds significant academic and practical value in studying musicology.

Keywords: Meng Opera; The Tunes of Chinese Operas; Pentatonic Mode