专栏名称: 比尔盖茨
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那些塑造了我的杰出教师 | 盖茨原创

比尔盖茨  · 公众号  · 科技自媒体  · 2025-02-08 15:00

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我从小就是个极其幸运的孩子。我有着伟大的父母,他们倾尽所能为我铺就成功之路。在计算机时代初露曙光的岁月里,我在我热爱的城市长大,至今仍以之为家。我上的学校是本州两所学校之一,也是全国为数不多的几所有计算机的学校之一。这一切的幸运都帮助塑造了我的未来。


但同样重要——甚至可能最为重要的,是我在成长过程中有幸遇见的良师。在我的新书《源代码》中,我写了许多关于他们的故事。从小学到大学,总有老师能看见我的潜力(即便这份潜力曾被顽劣举止掩盖),他们给了我真正的责任,以实践代替说教的教学方式,并为我提供了空间去探索自己的兴趣。


这五位杰出的老师不仅仅教会了我学科知识;他们还教会了我如何看待这个世界,以及我可能在其中实现什么。回顾过去,我意识到这有多么珍贵——而我有多么幸运能够一次又一次地遇到这样的老师。


布兰琪·卡菲尔(Blanche Caffiere)



布兰琪·卡菲尔曾两次进入我的生活——第一次是作为我的一年级老师,第二次是作为我的“老板”,当时我在观岭小学(View Ridge Elementary)读四年级,而她是图书馆管理员。那时,我在课堂内外都是个大麻烦:精力充沛、爱捣乱、总是沉浸在自己的想法中。大多数老师和行政人员把我视为一个亟待解决的问题。但卡菲尔老师却在我身上看到了解决问题的能力。当我的一位老师难以找到方法来挑战我并引导我的精力时,她主动介入,给我提供了一个担任图书馆助理的工作。


“你需要做的有点像侦探,”我在她让我去找丢失的书时说道。我很快喜欢上了这项工作,在书架之间四处游走,直到找到每一本书。随后,卡菲尔老师通过让我记住一个关于穴居人的巧妙故事,教了我杜威十进制分类法,这样我就能知道每本书该放在哪里。对于一个既喜欢阅读又喜欢数字的孩子来说,这是一件梦寐以求的工作。我觉得自己变得很重要。第一天我整个课间休息都呆在图书馆里,第二天我一早就来了,最终整个学年都在图书馆工作。


当我的家人搬家,我不得不离开观岭小学时,我最难过的就是要离开我的图书馆工作。“谁来找丢失的书呢?”我问道。卡菲尔女士告诉我,我可以在新学校担任图书馆助理。她明白,我需要的不仅仅是琐碎的工作,而是被重视、被信任去承担真正的责任。当我们相遇时,她已经教书近四十年,这意味着她见过了各种各样的学生。但她特别擅长帮助那些处于极端状态的学生——无论是学习困难的还是出类拔萃的——找到自己的路。我两者兼而有之,而她无疑帮我找到了自己的方向。


保罗·斯托克林(Paul Stocklin)

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保罗·斯托克林老师的湖滨学校八年级数学课以两种深刻的方式改变了我的人生,尽管当时我并未意识到这一点。首先,我在这儿遇到了肯特·埃文斯(Kent Evans),他将成为我最好的朋友和最早的“商业”伙伴,直到他在十七岁时因一次登山事故不幸去世。像我一样,肯特也很难融入湖滨学校既有的朋友圈。与我不同的是,他对未来有着清晰的愿景,这激励我开始思考自己的未来。


同样是在斯托克林老师的课上,我第一次见到了电传打字机——这次邂逅塑造了我的整个未来。一天早上,斯托克林老师带领我们班的同学来到麦卡利斯特楼的一个大厅,那栋白色木板建筑是学校数学系的所在地,我们从一间房间里听到了一种不寻常的“咔嚓咔嚓”声音。当我们走进去时,看到了一台看起来像打字机的设备,但上面有一个旋转电话拨号盘。斯托克林老师解释说,这是一台与加利福尼亚的计算机连接的电传打字机。借助它,我们可以玩游戏,甚至编写自己的计算机程序——这是我从未想过自己能够做到的事情。那个时刻为我打开了一个全新的世界。

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我还有许多想要感激斯托克林老师的事情,包括他鼓励我早早爱上数学。但不可否认的是,他通过促成我早年最重要的两段关系改变了我的人生:我与肯特的友谊,以及我对计算机的初步接触。这些是他赠予我的礼物,我将永远感激他,尽管其中之一最终以心碎告终。


比尔·道格尔(Bill Dougall)



比尔·道格尔体现了湖滨学校的独特之处——他是二战时期的海军飞行员和波音公司的工程师,带着实际经验来教学。除了工程学和教育学的学位,他还曾在索邦大学学习过法国语言文学。他是那种文艺复兴式的人物,曾休假去加德满都建造风车。


作为湖滨学校的数学系主任,道格尔老师在学校引进计算机方面发挥了关键作用,这是他和其他教职工在参加了一个暑期计算机课程后共同推动的。尽管价格不菲——一年的终端费超过1000美元,计算机使用时间则需要数千美元——他还是成功说服了母亲俱乐部将年度义卖的收入用来租赁一台ASR-33电传打字机。

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道格尔老师令人着迷的一点是,他实际上对编程了解不多;一周内他就已经耗尽了自己的知识。但他有远见,知道计算机很重要,并且信任我们学生去自己摸索。他著名的露营活动是湖滨学校的神圣传统,展现了他对体验式学习的信念的另一面。在这些旅行中,四十多个男孩和几位无畏的老师需要克服西北太平洋地区所能遇到的任何天气。他们以课堂无法企及的方式,教会学生坚韧不拔、团队合作和解决问题的能力。这就是道格尔老师教学理念的精髓。


弗雷德·莱特(Fred Wright)

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弗雷德·莱特正是我们在湖滨学校计算机室需要的那种老师。他虽然学习过FORTRAN编程语言,但没有实际的计算机经验。但他相对年轻(大约二十多岁),刚被聘用不久,他凭直觉明白,让学生学习的最好办法就是让我们按照自己的意愿去探索。没有签到表、没有上锁的门、没有正式的教学。


相反,莱特先生让我们自己解决问题,并相信我们在没有指导的情况下,必定会发挥创造力。有一次,一个学生在门上贴了一张告示,上面写着“当心弗雷德·莱特的愤怒”——这是对他放任计算机室的幽默调侃。其他一些老师则主张要加强管理,担心我们在没有监督的情况下会做些什么。尽管莱特老师偶尔也会突然出现,打断一场争吵,或听别人解释他们的最新程序,但在大多数情况下,他还是捍卫我们的自主权。



明面上,他是我们在湖滨学校的成人辅导员。实际上,莱特老师给了我们无价的东西:发现自己潜能的空间。这也是他上几何课的方法,我十年级时是他的学生。我记得他饶有兴致地看着我用代数而不是几何来解决难题。他没有强迫我按照正确的方法去做,而是让我自己去探索,因为他知道我最终会找出更有效的(几何)解法。


丹尼尔·莫里斯(Daniel Morris)



丹尼尔·莫里斯博士与大多数高中科学老师不同。他曾是一名工业化学家,拥有耶鲁大学博士学位和一项分离色氨酸的专利,他将现实世界中的专业知识带入了我们的化学课堂。有些人可能会觉得他穿着实验服、拿着玻璃烧杯喝咖啡有些做作,但他完全有这个资格。我也认为他配得上我一直用来形容他的话:世界上最伟大的化学老师。


莫里斯博士之所以令人难忘,是因为他能够将大多数人认为与化学相关的死记硬背,转化为能解释我们周围世界的统一概念。他通过日常生活中的例子来揭示复杂的过程——例如,教我们为什么将瓶盖盖回去,汽水就能保持有气,或者是什么让超级胶水那么粘。他为自己的化学教科书所写的导言完美地诠释了他的教学风格:“我们似乎忘记了科学的真正基石:相信这个世界是有道理的。”


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在他之前,科学是我在分析上做得不错的学科,但我不太在意实际理解或应用。对莫里斯博士来说,这还不够,他因我仅仅凭借已有的知识应付了事而让我吃了苦头。相反,他迫使我走进实验室做实验;直到今天,我仍然把我对科学的热爱归因于他对我施加的要求,让我真正理解化学。正是因为他,我决定在哈佛选修有机化学——尽管班上大部分都是医学预科生,而我并没有成为医生的打算。(我得了一个C,这是我大学时的最低成绩,但我想我从未告诉过他。)


汤姆·查塔姆(Tom Cheatham)


回顾我在哈佛的时光,我非常感谢汤姆·查塔姆教授对我所做过的一些实践性最强的学习所采取的放手不管的态度。作为艾肯计算实验室(Aiken Computation Lab)的主任,他破例允许我使用学校的PDP-10计算机——这种特权通常只留给研究生和其他教授。那时,哈佛大学甚至还没有计算机科学本科专业。


我们初次见面时,我还是个过于自信的大一新生,几乎要从椅子上跳起来,向他推销我的所有想法;我记得他在我说话时抽了一口他的百乐门香烟,看起来似乎很不感兴趣。后来我才知道,行政工作——签署学生的学习卡和管理实验室的日常事务——是查塔姆最不喜欢的部分。他是在工业界和政府部门工作多年后才来到哈佛的,骨子里是个程序员,在不去国防部开会和为实验室争取更多资金的时候,他就会设计新的计算机语言。


但他一定是看中(并喜欢上)了我的某些方面——我的技术经验、我的青春热情,亦或是两者兼有。大二那年,他又破例同意担任我的工程独立研究导师,指导我编写一款计算机棒球游戏。虽然我后悔我们从未建立更亲近的关系,但查塔姆显然站在我这边。我当时就知道这一点,最近当我看到以前的大学记录,了解到当我因为未经许可带朋友进实验室而惹上麻烦,他是如何为我辩护时,我再次想起了这一点:如果我被迫从哈佛退学,那将是“对正义的践踏”,查塔姆告诉学校的行政委员会,并补充说他“很高兴BG明年能在中心做计算工作”。


我想我从来没有好好感谢过我的任何一位老师,包括查塔姆教授,感谢他们看到了我自己有时看不到的潜力。许多老师在我有机会感谢他们之前就去世了。但正是因为他们的影响,才有了今天的我。因此,在《源代码》一书中,我分享了他们的故事,将成功归功于他们。毕竟,一位杰出的老师,一堂令人震撼的课,足以改变一个人的一生。我很幸运,也很感激能有这么多这样的老师。


The brilliant teachers who shaped me


I was an extremely lucky kid. I was born to great parents who did everything to set me up for success. I grew up in a city I love and still call home, at the dawn of the computer age. And I went to one of two schools in my state—one of a handful in the country—that actually had computer access. These were all strokes of luck that helped shape my future.


But equally important, maybe most important, were the teachers I was fortunate enough to learn from along the way. In my new book, Source Code , I write about many of them. From grade school through college, I had teachers who saw my potential (even when it was buried under bad behavior), gave me real responsibilities, let me learn through experience instead of lectures, and created space for me to explore my passions.


These five brilliant teachers didn’t just teach me subjects; they taught me how to think about the world and what I might accomplish in it. Looking back, I realize how rare this was—and how lucky I was to find it over and over again.


Blanche Caffiere


Blanche Caffiere entered my life twice—first as my first-grade teacher, and later as my first “boss,” when I was in fourth grade at View Ridge Elementary and she was the librarian. At the time, I was a handful in (and out of) class: energetic, disruptive, constantly lost in my own thoughts. Most teachers and administrators saw me as a problem to be solved. But Mrs. Caffiere saw a problem- solver in me instead. When one of my teachers struggled with how to challenge me and channel my energy, she stepped in and gave me a job as her library assistant.


“What you need is kind of like a detective,” I said when she tasked me with finding missing books that were lost somewhere in the library. I warmed to the work immediately, roaming the stacks until I found each one. Then Mrs. Caffiere taught me the Dewey Decimal system by having me memorize a clever story about a caveman, so I could figure out where each book belonged. For a kid who loved reading and numbers, it was a dream job. I felt essential. I stayed through recess that first day, showed up early the next morning, and ended up working in the library for the rest of the year.


When my family moved and I had to leave View Ridge Elementary, I was most devastated about leaving my library job. “Who will find the lost books?” I asked. Mrs. Caffiere responded that I could be a library assistant at my new school. She understood that what I needed wasn’t just busy work, but a sense of being valued and trusted with real responsibility. She’d been teaching for nearly forty years when we met, which meant she’d seen every kind of student imaginable. But she had a particular gift for helping those at the extremes—the ones who were struggling or excelling—find their way. I was a little of both, and she certainly helped me find mine.


Paul Stocklin


Paul Stocklin’s eighth-grade math class at Lakeside changed my life in two profound ways, though I couldn’t have known it at the time. First, it was where I met Kent Evans, who would become my best friend and earliest “business” partner before his tragic death in a mountain climbing accident at age 17. Like me, Kent didn’t easily fit into the established cliques at Lakeside. Unlike me, he had a clear vision for his future, which inspired me to start thinking about my own.


It was also in Mr. Stocklin’s class that I first saw a teletype machine—an encounter that would shape my entire future. One morning, Mr. Stocklin led our class down a hall in McAllister House, a white clapboard building at Lakeside that was home to the school’s math department, where we heard an unusual “chug-chug-chug” sound echoing from inside a room. There, we saw something that looked like a typewriter with a rotary telephone dial. Mr. Stocklin explained that it was a teletype machine connected to a computer in California. With it, we could play games and even write our own computer programs—something I’d never thought I’d be able to do myself. That moment opened up a whole new world for me.


There’s a lot more I’ve come to appreciate about Mr. Stocklin, including how much he encouraged an early love of math in me. But it’s undeniable that he changed my life by facilitating two of the most important relationships of my early years: my friendship with Kent, and my introduction to computing. These were gifts from him that I’ll appreciate forever, even though one would end in heartbreak.


Bill Dougall


Bill Dougall embodied what made Lakeside special—he was a World War II Navy pilot and Boeing engineer who brought real-world experience to teaching. Beyond his degrees in engineering and education, he had even studied French literature at the Sorbonne. He was the kind of Renaissance man who took sabbaticals to build windmills in Kathmandu.


As head of Lakeside’s math department, Mr. Dougall was instrumental in bringing computer access to our school, something he and other faculty members pushed for after taking a summer computer class. Even though it was expensive—over $1,000 a year for the terminal and thousands more in computer time—he helped convince the Mothers’ Club to use the proceeds from their annual rummage sale to lease a Teletype ASR-33.


The fascinating thing about Mr. Dougall was that he didn’t actually know much about programming; he exhausted his knowledge within a week. But he had the vision to know it was important and the trust to let us students figure it out. His famous camping trips, a sacred tradition at Lakeside, showed another side of his belief in experiential learning. These treks took students through whatever weather the Pacific Northwest could throw at forty boys and a few intrepid teachers. They taught resilience, teamwork, and problem-solving in a way that no classroom ever could. That was the essence of Mr. Dougall’s teaching philosophy.


Fred Wright


Fred Wright was exactly the kind of teacher we needed in the computer room at Lakeside. He had no practical computer experience, though he’d studied the FORTRAN programming language. But he was relatively young (in his late twenties) and only recently hired, and he intuitively understood that the best way to get students to learn was to let us explore on our own terms. There was no sign-up sheet, no locked door, no formal instruction.


Instead, Mr. Wright let us figure things out ourselves and trusted that, without his guidance, we’d have to get creative. At some point, a student taped a sign above the door that said “Beware of the Wrath of Fred Wright”—a tongue-in-cheek nod to his laissez-faire oversight of the computer room. Some of the other teachers argued for tighter regulations, worried about what we might be doing in there unsupervised. But even though Mr. Wright occasionally popped in to break up a squabble or listen as someone explained their latest program, for the most part he defended our autonomy.


Officially, he was the adult sponsor of our work at Lakeside. Unofficially, Mr. Wright gave us something invaluable: the space to discover our own potential. That was also his approach to geometry class, where I was his student in tenth grade. I remember him watching with amusement as I powered through problems using algebra instead of geometry. Rather than force me to do it the right way, he let me forge my own path, knowing I’d eventually figure out the more efficient (geometric) solution.


Daniel Morris


Dr. Daniel Morris was different from most high school science teachers. With a PhD from Yale and a patent for isolating tryptophan, he was a former industrial chemist who brought real-world expertise to our chemistry classroom. Some might have found it pretentious that he wore a lab coat and drank coffee from a glass beaker, but he earned those rights. I think he also earned the label that I’ve long used to describe him: the world’s greatest chemistry teacher.


What made Dr. Morris so memorable was his ability to transform the rote memorization that most people associate with chemistry into unifying concepts that explain the world around us. He demystified complex processes by using everyday examples—to teach, for example, why soda stays fizzy if you put the cap back on, or what makes super glue that sticky. The introduction he wrote to his own chemistry textbook captures his teaching style perfectly: “We seem to forget the true foundation stone of science: the belief that the world makes sense.”


Before him, the sciences were subjects I did well in analytically but didn’t much care to practically understand or apply. That wasn’t good enough for Dr. Morris, who gave me a hard time for just getting by with what I already knew. Instead, he forced me into the lab to do experiments; to this day, I trace my love of science back to the demands he put on me to really get chemistry. He’s the reason I decided to take organic chemistry at Harvard—even though the class was mostly pre-med students, and I had no plans to become a doctor. (I got a C, my lowest grade in college, but I don’t think I ever told him.)


Tom Cheatham


Looking back on my time at Harvard, I’m grateful for Professor Tom Cheatham’s hands-off approach to some of the most hands-on learning I’ve ever done. As director of the Aiken Computation Lab, he made an extraordinary exception by granting me access to the school’s PDP-10 computer—a privilege typically reserved for graduate students and other professors. Back then, Harvard didn’t even have an undergraduate computer science major.


When we first met, I was an overconfident freshman, practically jumping out of my chair as I pitched him on all my ideas; I remember him taking drags on his Parliament cigarettes as I spoke, seeming pretty uninterested. I later learned that administrative tasks—signing students’ study cards and managing the day-to-day of the lab—were Cheatham’s least favorite parts of his job. Having come to Harvard after years working in industry and government, he was a programmer at heart, designing new computer languages when he wasn’t off meeting with the Department of Defense and securing more funding for the lab.


But he must have seen (and liked) something in me—either my technical experience, my teenage enthusiasm, or both. In my sophomore year, he made another exception and agreed to be my advisor for an engineering independent study to write a computerized baseball game. While I regret that we never formed a closer relationship, Cheatham was clearly in my corner. I knew that then and was reminded of it again recently, when I saw my old college records and learned how he’d defended me when I got in trouble for bringing friends into the lab without permission: It would be a “travesty of justice” if I were forced to withdraw from Harvard, Cheatham told the university’s Administrative Board, adding that he “would be delighted to have BG computing at the Center next year.”


I don’t think I ever properly thanked any of my teachers, including Professor Cheatham, for seeing something in me that I didn’t always see in myself. So many of them passed away before I had the chance. But I am who I am today because of their influence. So in Source Code , I’m sharing their stories and giving credit where it’s due. After all, one brilliant teacher, one mind-blowing class, is enough to change a person’s life. I’m so lucky and grateful to have had many.







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