谢谢关注缓慢思考！
本文挑选了“Get Smart”一书中的三种思维方式讨论：长期思维，缓慢思维，全面思维。思维就像肌肉一样，有意识的练习，力量就会增长。Enjoy！
Your ability to think clearly determines the decisions you make and the actions you take.
你清晰思维的能力决定了你决策和行动的质量。
In Get Smart!: How to Think and Act Like the Most Successful and Highest-Paid People in Every Field, author Brian Tracy presents ten different ways of thinking that enable better decisions. Better decisions free up your time and improve results.
在"获得智慧：如何像成功人士一样思考”一书中，作者Brian Tracy提出了十种不同的思维方式帮助做出更好的决策。更好的决策可以释放你的时间并改善结果。
Most of us slip into a comfort zone of what Tracy calls “easy thinking and decision-making.” We use less than our cognitive capacity because we become lazy and jump to simple conclusions.
我们大多数人陷入了Tracy所谓的“简单思考和决策”的舒适区域。因为我们变得懒惰并习惯跳到简单的结论，所以我们没有充分使用我们的认知能力。
This isn't about being faster. I disagree with the belief that decisions should be, first and foremost, fast and efficient. A better approach is to be effective. If it takes longer to come to a better decision, so be it. In the long run, this will pay for itself over and over with fewer messes, more free time, and less anxiety.
更快并不是目的。我不同意这样的说法：决策最要紧的是快速有效率。一个更好的方法应该是如何更有效果的。如果需要更长的时间来做出更好的决定，就应该顺其自然。从长远来看，这么做值得，因为可以减少混乱、节省更多的空闲时间和减少焦虑。
In Get Smart, Tracy does a good job of showing people a series of simple, practical, and powerful ways of examining a situation to improve the odds you're making the best decision.
在她的书中，Tracy很好地向人们展示了一系列简单、实用而又强大的方法，关于如何应对面对的处境提高决策的质量。
Let's take a look at a few of them.
我们来看几个。
1. Long-Time Perspective Versus Short-Time Perspective 长期思维与短期思维
Dr. Edward Banfield of Harvard University studied upward economic mobility for almost 50 years. He wondered why some people and families moved from lower socioeconomic classes to higher ones and some didn't. A lot of these people moved from labor jobs to riches in one lifetime. He wanted to know why. His findings are summarized in the controversial book, The Unheavenly City. Banfield offered one simple conclusion that has endured. He concluded that “time perspective” was overwhelmingly the most important factor.
哈佛大学的Edward博士研究了近五十年的经济流动性。他想知道为什么有些人和家庭从较低的社会经济阶层转到了较高的社会阶层，有的则没有。很多这些人用一代人的时间实现了从劳动阶层到富人的转变。他想知道为什么。他的研究结果总结在有争议的一本书里：“没有天国的城市”。Edward提出了一个简单而经久考验的结论。他认为“时间观”是最重要的因素。
Tracy picks us up here:
Tracy摘录了部分：
At the lowest socioeconomic level, lower-lower class, the time perspective was often only a few hours, or minutes, such as in the case of the hopeless alcoholic or drug addict, who thinks only about the next drink or dose.
在最低社会经济水平的低下阶层，时间观通常只有几个小时甚至几分钟，例如不可救药的酗酒者或吸毒者，他们只考虑下一次饮酒或剂量。
At the highest level, those who were second- or third-generation wealthy, their time perspective was many years, decades, even generations into the future. It turns out that successful people are intensely future oriented. They think about the future most of the time.
在最高层次，那些第二代或第三代富人，他们的时间观点是未来几年、几十年甚至几代人。事实证明，成功的人是强烈的未来导向。他们大部分时间都会考虑未来。
The very act of thinking long term sharpens your perspective and dramatically improves the quality of your short-term decision making.
长期思维会使你的观点更加锐利，大大提高了你的短期决策质量。
So what should we do about this? Tracy advises:
那么我们应该怎么做呢？ Tracy建议：
Resolve today to develop long-time perspective. Become intensely future oriented. Think about the future most of the time. Consider the consequences of your decisions and actions. What is likely to happen? And then what could happen? And then what? Practice self-discipline, self-mastery, and self-control. Be willing to pay the price today in order to enjoy the rewards of a better future tomorrow.
从今天开始，下定决心发展长期思维。培养强烈的未来导向。大多数时候思考未来。考虑你的决定和行动的后果。可能会发生什么？之后，又会发生什么？然后还会如何？练习自律和自我控制。愿意今天付出代价，以换取明天更好的回报。
2. Slow Thinking 缓慢思维
“If it is not necessary to decide, it is necessary not to decide.”
— Lord Acton
“如果做出决定不是必要的，就应该不决定。”
- 阿克森爵士
I don't know many consistently successful people or organizations that are constantly reacting without thinking. And yet most of us are habitually in reactive mode. We react and respond to what's happening around us with little deliberate thought.
我很少见许多持续成功的人或组织在不经思考的情况下做出反应。然而，我们大多数人都习惯于反应模式。我们对周围发生的事情很少刻意思考就做出反应和行动。
“From the first ring of the alarm clock,” Tracy writes, we are “largely reacting and responding to stimuli from [our] environment.” This feeds our impulses and appetites. “The normal thinking process is almost instantaneous: stimulus, then immediate response, with no time in between.”
“从闹钟一响开始，” Tracy写道，我们 就“很大程度上对来自环境的刺激做出反应。” 这驱动了我们的冲动和想法。 “正常的思维过程几乎是瞬间的：刺激，然后立即反应，中间没有时间。”
The superior thinking process is also triggered by stimulus, but between the stimulus and the response there is a moment or more where you think before you respond. Just like your mother told you, “Count to ten before you respond, especially when you are upset or angry.”
优秀的思维过程也是由刺激引发的，但在刺激和反应之间有一段时间或更多的时间可以思考。就像你母亲告诉你的，“在你回答之前，要数到10，尤其是当你生气的时候。”
The very act of stopping to think before you say or do anything almost always improves the quality of your ultimate response. It is an indispensable requirement for success.
在你说或做任何事情之前停下来思考的行为，几乎必然提高你终极反应的质量。这是成功不可或缺的要求。
One of the best things we can do to improve the quality of our thinking is to understand when we gain an advantage from slow thinking and when we don’t.
提高我们思维质量的最佳做法是了解：我们什么时候可以从缓慢思考中获得优势而什么时候不能。
Ask yourself “does this decision require fast or slow thinking?”
问自己：“这个决定是需要快速思考还是缓慢思考？”
Shopping for toothpaste is a situation where we derive little benefit from slow thinking. On the other hand if we're making an acquisition or investment we want to be deliberate. Where do we draw the line? A good shortcut is to consider the consequences. Telling your boss he's an idiot when he says something stupid is going to feel really good in the moment but carry lasting consequences. Don't React.
购买牙膏这种情况，缓慢思考的益处就不大。另一方面，如果我们进行收购或投资，我们就要慎重考虑。分界线在哪里？一个很好的判断捷径是考虑后果。比如，当你的老板说了蠢话的时候，你告诉他他是一个白痴，说的时候感觉很爽，但是后果很严重。所以，就不要这么做。
Pause. Think. Act.
暂停。思考。行动。
This sounds easy but it's not. One habit you can develop is to continually ask “How do we know this is true?” for the pieces of information you think are relevant to the decision.
这听起来很简单，但实际不是。你可以培养的一个习惯是，对所有与决策相关的信息，不断的追问：“我们如何知道这是真的？”
3. Informed Thinking Versus Uninformed Thinking （全面思维与片面思维）
“Beware of endeavouring to be a great man in a hurry.
One such attempt in ten thousand may succeed: these are fearful odds.”
—Benjamin Disraeli
“不要企图一蹴而成。这种成功的概率低的可怕，只有万分之一。”
- 本杰明·迪斯雷利
I know a lot of entrepreneurs and most of them religiously say the same two words “due diligence.” In fact, a great friend of mine has a 20+ page due diligence checklist. This means taking the time to make the right decision. You may be wrong but it won't be because you rushed. Of course, most of the people who preach due diligence have skin in the game. It's easier to be cavalier (or stupid) when it's heads I win and tails I don't lose much (hello government).
我知道很多企业家，其中大多数人都有两个词的口头禅“尽职调查”。事实上，我的一个好朋友有一个20多页的尽职调查清单。这意味着花时间做出正确的决定。你可能是错的，但不会因为你的冲动。当然，大多数重视尽职调查的人都有切身利益在其中。但如果是赢了归我输了归你的情况，就容易做出大胆或愚蠢的决定（比如政府决策）。
Harold Geneen, who formed a conglomerate at ITT, said, “The most important elements in business are facts. Get the real facts, not the obvious facts or assumed facts or hoped-for facts. Get the real facts. Facts don’t lie.”
ITT的创始人Harold Geneen说：“商业中最重要的因素是事实。获取真实的事实，而不是明显的事实或假设的事实或希望的事实。获取真实的事实。事实不会说谎。”
Heck, use the scientific method. Tracy writes:
注意，用科学的方法。Tracy写道：
Create a hypothesis— a yet-to-be-proven theory. Then seek ways to invalidate this hypothesis, to prove that your idea is wrong. This is what scientists do.
创建一个假设 — 尚待验证的理论。然后寻求推翻这个假设的方法，以证明你的想法是错误的。科学家就是这么做的。
This is exactly the opposite of what most people do. They come up with an idea, and then they seek corroboration and proof that their idea is a good one. They practice “confirmation bias.” They only look for confirmation of the validity of the idea, and they simultaneously reject all input or information that is inconsistent with what they have already decided to believe.
这与大多数人的做法完全相反。他们提出了一个想法，然后寻求佐证，来证明他们的想法是好的。他们这么做属于“确认性偏见”。他们只是想知道这个想法的有效性，同时拒绝所有与他们已经决定相信的东西所不一致的输入和信息。
Create a negative or reverse hypothesis. This is the opposite of your initial theory. For example, you are Isaac Newton, and the idea of gravity has just occurred to you. Your initial hypothesis would be that “things fall down.” You then attempt to prove the opposite—“things fall up.”
创建一个否定或反向假设。这与你的初始理论是相反的。例如，你是牛顿，你刚刚获得重力的想法。你的初始假设是“物体会往下落”，然后你试图证明相反的 — “物体会往上落”。
If you cannot prove the reverse or negative hypothesis of your idea, you can then conclude that your hypothesis is correct.
如果您不能证明反向或否定的假设，则可以得出结论，你的假设是正确的。
愉悦资本，从摩拜单车到蔚来汽车，等待你的NEXT BIG！
