青藏高原人工草地发展现状、挑战与建议

The Tibetan Plateau is vital for animal husbandry in China, and relies heavily on its natural grasslands. However, grassland degradation, increasing livestock numbers, and uneven grazing practices are exacerbating the grass-livestock imbalance. Cultivated grasslands are a key strategy to address this issue. In this review, we evalu ate the current status, challenges, and suggestions for developing and managing Tibetan Plateau cultivated grasslands. While discernible advancements have been made in the cultivated grasslands in this region, persistent challenges exist. These challenges stem from issues like low awareness and enthusiasm among farmers and herders, uneven cultivated grassland distribution, and limited scientific and technological contributions. Based on these challenges, we propose strengthening the promotion of artificial forage, implementing a rationalized grass land layout, and improving the scientific and technological contributions to forage species selection, sowing, man agement, and storage. In summary, cultivated grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau offer promising prospects but still face significant challenges. Overcoming these obstacles will require innovative approaches to unlock the full po tential of cultivated grasslands in this unique ecological niche.

青藏高原对我国畜牧业具有重大意义，其天然草原是当地畜牧业发展的基础。然而，草原退化、牲畜数量增长及 放牧方式失衡加剧了当地草畜关系的不平衡。人工草地的发展成为解决此问题的关键策略。本综述评估了青藏高原人工草地的发 展现状、所面临的挑战以及应对建议。尽管该地区的人工草地取得了显著成果，但仍然存在持续性的挑战。这些问题主要源于农 民及牧民的认识热情不足、人工草原分布不均以及科技贡献受限等因素。针对这些挑战，我们建议强化人工饲草的推广，优化草 地布局，提高饲草品种选择、播种、管理及储存的科技水平。总之，青藏高原的人工草地发展潜力巨大，但需克服诸多挑战。要 实现其在特殊生态位中的全面潜力，需创新性地推动科技发展。