今天我们的主要内容有两部分:
一、“自作自受、聪明反被聪明误、事与愿违”可以怎么表达?
二、“徒劳、无益”又可以怎么表达?
第一部分节选自《经济学人》4月15日期中国版块的文章:Rural education in China: Separate and unequal;第二部分选自 Warren I. Cohen 的论文:The Foreign impact on East Asia. 文章有40多页,主要讲述并分析了19世纪中期至21世纪初期西方列强在东亚的活动,很有趣的一篇论文。
我们先来看第一部分:
上一期讲
中国农村教育
时导语部分是这么说的:
Chinese schools discriminate against 60% of the population. This is both cruel and
counterproductive
这里面有个单词,counterproductive,通过查词典我们了解一下它的含义: achieving the opposite result to the one that you want
翻译成中文就是“适得其反的,产生相反作用的”。
很多时候,我们人类总自认为很聪明,对很多问题只停留在了问题的表面,没有深入探究,采取了一些适得其反的措施。就比如说,开车容易出交通事故,所以汽车制造商纷纷提高汽车的安全性能,但结果呢,汽车导致的交通事故不增反减,这是为什么呢?
Improved safety measures in cars can be
counterproductive
as they encourage people to drive faster.
提高车辆安全性的措施可能会适得其反,因为这会激励人们开快车。
再比如,青春期的孩子逆反心理比较严重,当犯了错误,甚至是做了非法犯罪的事情时,如果采取一些强制性的措施,反而不利于孩子的纠错和成长,这时我们可以说:
Sending young offenders to prison can be
counterproductive
.
把少年犯送进监狱会产生适得其反的效果。
还有,比如说我们在和别人谈判时,或试图说服别人时,一定要注意语气和态度,不能以一副盛气凌人的样子去跟对方谈话,否则,很难取得任何满意的效果:
In practice, however, such an attitude is counterproductive.
然而,实际上这种态度只会适得其反。
It is counterproductive to address an interviewee in patronizing tones.
以盛气凌人的语气同面试者讲话将会适得其反。
Counterproductive 可以表示“事与愿违”,可以单独使用,也可以搭配使用:
It is a counterproductive thing to do sth.
除了 counterproductive,还有哪些表达方式呢?
有一个词叫 "
boomerang
",指“回飞镖”,当它作动词使用时,可以表示“事与愿违;自作自受;自食其果”。
它的英文解释为:If a plan boomerangs, it brings a harmful result instead of the intended good one
举个栗子:
Our plan to take over the business could boomerang on us if we're not careful.
如果我们不小心,接管该企业的计划可能会让我们自食苦果。
还有一个词,叫 "backfire",也可以表示“自食其果”。例如:
Even our most carefully laid plans may backfire.
甚至我们的最周密安排的计划也可能产生适得其反的结果。
His attempt to discredit his opponent boomeranged (on him) when he was charged with libel.
他企图败坏对手名声反而自食其果,被控以诽谤罪
除了以上三个词汇,还有一些搭配也可以表示这个意思,小编平时积累了一些,例如:
run counter to one's desire; be just the opposite to what one wished; accomplish the very opposite; exactly opposite; get just the opposite (of what one wants); have an exactly opposite effect; on the contrary; The result was just the opposite.; turn out to be just the opposite of; (The case) was just the reverse.
再举个栗子吧:
The result will definitely turn out to be just the opposite of their wish.
其结果必然不会像他们所一厢情愿的那样, 而只能适得其反。
其实这些搭配不用都背过,多读两遍,理解就好。英语一定要注重“九九归一”的这么一个过程。
在
Warren I. Cohen 的论文
The Foreign impact on East Asia
中有一段关于戊戌变法的记录,内容如下:
The years between 1895 and 1900 were years of intellectual and political ferment in China as scholars and officials struggled to find the means to preserve their country's independence and restore its historic grandeur. The dreams and schemes of reformers and revolutoinaries
came to naught
.