考研英语真题精读：专利保护面临的威胁|2010 Text 2

失踪人口回归啦。我们今天继续讲2010年 Text 2 的第三到五段，如果新关注的同学还没有读过第一二两段的讲解，请点击 考研英语真题精读：专利保护面临的威胁|2010 Text 2 。

在正式开始阅读前，我先教大家如何最大化的利用好这个专栏的内容。

如果你是 今明两年内 会参加 考研 的同学（而且还没有开始做真题），先不要阅读原文，直接阅读每个段落的”词汇讲解“部分，打好词汇基础。等到以后做完真题后，再打开本文，阅读语篇分析，查漏补缺。

如果你是 已考上研究生 或 今明两年内 不会参加 考研 的同学，可直接把这篇文章当做一篇普通的外刊文章来阅读。考研英语真题选自原汁原味的外刊，并且有一定难度，跟下来会对提高阅读理解能力大有裨益。

我们会从 词、句、篇 三个方面帮大家吃透考研阅读真题，采用 各大外刊最鲜 活的语料 刺激大家的记忆。除此之外，还会从考研阅读真题里 提炼写作地道表达和写作句型 ，手把手教大家 从输入 转为输出 。

下面是2010年 Text 2 的第三到五段的原文。

(2010 Text 2) A pending threat to patents

by Lexie,没柴烧

下面我们以段落为单位，逐段精讲：

• 📒 语篇分析：本段为作者对法庭减少商业专利数量的评论。①句阐述观点：法庭这一举措是一大转变。这句话也起到承上和启下的作用： curbs on business-method claims 与前文的 scale back on 相呼应，承接上文， because 解释原因，引出下文。 ②承接①句，阐述①句提到的过去商业专利法引入后的后果，并通过 that 实现句间衔接。③通过 later 与②的 initially 呼应，引出老牌公司的的情况。④⑤句分别以 IBM 和 Wall Street investment films 为例，说明③句中许多公司疯狂的申请商业专利原因。逻辑连接词 similarly 表示并列。
  

• curb 在这里作名词，表示“控制，限制” (an influence which helps to control or limit something) 近义词还有 control , limit 。 比如 ◇Many companies have imposed curbs on smoking in the workplace. 许多公司已经限制在工作场所吸烟。

• curb 也可作动词，表示“控制，抑制，约束” (to control or limit sth, especially sth bad) ，比如我们在写作中经常要写的“减少环境污染”，便可用 ◇curb environmental pollution 来表达。 [写作推荐]

• claim 作名词指“权利，所有权， 要求权” (a right to do something or to have something, especially because it belongs to you or because you deserve it) ，相当于 right 。business-method claims 与前文的business-method patents 为同义替换。

• claim 的含义非常丰富，并且出现频率都很高，建议大家拿出词典，通读一遍。

• about-face 指态度或观点的“彻底改变，大转变” (An about-face is a complete change of attitude or opinion.) 有点类似于中文中的“翻脸比翻书还快”“180度大转弯” ◇ Few observers believe the president will do an about-face and start spending more. 没有几个观察家认为总统会彻底改变态度而增加开支。

• itself 这里是反身代词作同位语，强调“自身，本身” (You use itself to emphasize the thing you are referring to.) ◇ I think life itself is a learning process. 我认为生活本身就是一个学习的过程。

• introduce 义为“引进，实施，采用” (to make sth available for use, discussion, etc. for the first time) ，比如实施计划生育政策： introduce the one-child policy

• pool 在这里不是指“游泳池”，而是作动词表示“共用，聚拢” (to combine your money, ideas, skills etc with those of other people so that you can all use them) ，想象一下把所有东西聚拢在一个池子里的样子。我们常说的集思广益便可用 ◇pool ideas 来表达。 pool 作名词也可喻指“…库，…池”，比如 ◇a talent pool 人才库。比如《经济学人》一篇分析约会软件好处的文章提到 Users get the benefits both of a big pool of potential partners and various tools to winnow them. 用户两方得益，一方面有大量的潜在对象，另一方面有各式各样的工具来筛选他们。 [熟词僻义]

• mutual [ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl] 本来是指“互相的”，比如 ◇mutual respect 互相尊重，后来意义扩大到“共同的，共有的” (shared by two or more people) ， 比如 ◇mutual benefit 共同利益 ◇mutual friend 共同的朋友 ◇mutual hobby 共同的爱好

• mutual fund 指共同基金，是美国的一种投资方式。

• ruling 义为“裁决，裁定” (A ruling is anofficial decision made by a judge or court) 比如 ◇ The court will make its ruling on the case next week. 法庭下周将对本案件作出裁决。 ruling 还可作形容词，指“统治的”，比如 ◇ the ruling party 执政党 ruling 动词形式为 rule 。

• produce 不仅可以指“生产”，也可指“引起，导致，产生” (to cause aparticular result or effect) ，相当于 cause ，比如 ◇a rise in sea-level produced by climatic change 由气候变化引起的海平面升高

• explosion 本义为“爆炸”，这里引申为“激增，骤增” (An explosion is a large rapid increase in the number or amount of something) ◇The study also forecast an explosion in the diet soft-drink market. 该研究还预测低糖软饮料市场将迅猛增长。动词 explode 也可表示“激增”，可替换 increase greatly ，比如上海的人口急剧增长： The population of Shanghai exploded. [写作推荐]

• patent filings 专利档案，即专利数量，即专利申请。

• filing 义为“存档；归档” (an official record of something) ， 与不同的词搭配，意思灵活，比如 a bankruptcy filing 破产档案 court filings 法庭讼案

• 动词 file 可指“提起（诉讼）; 提出（申请）” (to present sth so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with) ，比如 ◇to file for divorce 提交离婚申请书。再比如《纽约时报》在报道刘强东强奸案时提到： A University of Minnesota student accused Richard Liu, the billionaire founder of the Chinese e-commerce giant JD.com , of rape in a lawsuit filed in Minneapolis on Tuesday. 明尼苏达大学一名学生本周二提起一项诉讼，指控中国电商巨头京东创始人、亿万富翁刘强东强奸了她。

• initially 义为“起初，最初，初时”，相当于 at the beginning ，比如 ◇Initially, most people approved of the new scheme. 起初，大部分人都同意这个新方案。形容词形式为initial。

• emerging 义为“ 新兴的，发展初期的” (starting to exist) 比如中国经常被称为“新兴经济体”： ◇ emerging economies

• stake out 义为“明确表明，清楚界定” (If you stake out a position that you are stating or a claim that you are making, you are defending the boundaries or limits of the position or claim)。 这里引申为维护，坚守自己的专利。 ◇ The time has come for Hindus to stake out their claim to their own homeland. 印度教徒对自己家园主张权利的时候到了。

• exclusive 义为“独用的；独有的；独享的” (Something that is exclusive is used or owned by only one person or group, and not shared with anyone else.) 比如 ◇ exclusive report /exclusive coverage 独家报道 ◇ exclusive interview 独家采访

• transaction [trænˈzækʃən] 义为“ 交易；买卖” (a business deal or action, such as buying or selling something) ，对应的动词 transact 义为“做交易”

• established 在形容公司时，指“确立已久的，老牌的，地位稳固的” (already in use or existing for a long period of time) ，在修饰人时，指“资深的，著名的” (well known and respected in a job, etc. that they have been doing for a long time) ◇an established professor of French literature 资深的法国文学教授

• race 在这里为动词，义为“快速移动，快速运转” (to move very fast; to move sb / sth very fast) ， race to do sth 引申为“争先恐后，竞相做某事” (to try to do something very quickly because you want to be the first to do it, or because there is very little time available) ◇Investors are racing to buy shares in the new hi-tech companies. 投资者争相购买新的高新技术企业的股票。 [熟词僻义]

• if only 表示“即使仅仅为了，即使仅仅因为” (You use if only with past tenses to introduce what you think is a fairly good reason for doing something, although you realize it may not be a very good one.) ，与过去时连用，引出一个相对合理的理由 比如 ◇ She writes me often, if only to scold me because I haven't written to her. 她常来信，即使仅仅为了责怪我还没回信给她。

• defensive 为形容词，义为“防御性的；防卫用的；保护的” (You use defensive to describe things that are intended to protect someone or something) , ◇The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids 政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。文中的 a defensive move against sth 表示“防范…的行动”。

• rival 义为“竞争者；对手；敌手” (Your rival is a person, business, or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things) 比如《金融时报》一篇讲中国互联网裁员潮的文章提到： Its(JD.com) bigger rival Alibaba similarly took to social media to assure it was “continuing to hire more talent”. 京东的竞争对手、规模更大的阿里巴巴也在社交媒体上保证，将“继续开放招聘”。

• rival 也可作动词，表示“与…相媲美，比得上…” (to be as good, impressive, etc. as sb / sth else) ，类似的表达还有 equal ，比如 ◇ The college's facilities rival/equal those of Peking University and Qinghua University. 这所学院的设施比得上清华北大。 [熟词僻义]

• beat sb to the punch 义为“先发制人，抢先做某事” (to get or do sth before sb else can) 。

• 类似短语有 beat sb to it 指“比…先下手，比…抢先做” (to do something before someone else does it ). 比如 ◇Guo Furong was just going to clean the table , but Zhu Wushuang has beaten her to it. 郭芙蓉刚准备擦桌子，祝无双已经抢先做完了。

• issue 义为“发行；发布；颁发” (to produce or provide something official) ◇The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. 办事处将在周二和周四的上午颁发许可证。

• despite the fact that… 表示“尽管…”相当 于 although… 。 the fact that +同位语从句 为惯用搭配，指“…的事实”，我们在2010 Text 1也遇到过。 这是一个非常好用的表达，大家学会了用在作文里会很加分，我们在2018年精读社里的写作小课堂里精讲过如何运用该句型，社员们可以复习一下。 [写作推荐]

• arm sb with sth 义为“武装；装备” (If you arm someone with a weapon, you provide them with a weapon.) 比如 ◇The local farmers have armed themselves with rifles and pistols. 当地的农场主用步枪和手枪武装自己。

• arm sb with sth 也可指“提供； 配备，装备” (to provide all the information, skills, or equipment you need to do something) ，相当于 equip sb with sth ，比如《经济学人》一篇关于截肢人士的文章提到： Armed with such technology, many can pursue active lives 通过医疗科技的帮助，他们得以继续自由行动和生活。

• position 本义指“位置”，俗话说屁股决定脑袋，你所处的位置往往也决定了你的立场，因此 position 也引申为“立场，观点，态度” (an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject) ，短语 take / adopt a position 指“采取…立场”。 [熟词僻义]

• oppose sth 在这里是动词，指“反对”，相当于 be against sth , object to sth 。比如 ◇We oppose the construction of a hotel here. 我们反对在这里盖一座旅馆。

• take positions opposing… 采取反对…的立场 这里opposing 为现在名词作后置定语修饰positions，指“反对…的”立场。

• 📒 语篇分析：本段阐述法院如何通过Bilski案缩减商业专利方法。 ① 句具体说明Bilski案的内容。 ② 句阐述法院的做法。 the case 指代上 文 The Bilski case 实现句间衔接。

• claim 在这里指“申请”文中 claimed 为过去分词作定语修饰patent。 ◇ An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning's bomb attack. 一个不知名的恐怖组织声称对今天上午的炸弹袭击事件负责。

• hedge 作名词本义为“树篱，篱笆”，引申为“防范措施” (something that protects you against possible problems, especially financial loss) 。我们平时说的“对冲基金”便称作 hedge fund 。再比如 《经济学人》一篇关于保护农作物多样性的文章提到： Agricultural biodiversity is the best hedge against future blights, including pests, diseases and climate change. 农作物生物多样性是对未来可能发生的病虫害、气候变化等重大灾害最好的防卫 。

• hedge 在这里是动词，指“对冲” 文中的 hedge risk 即“对冲风险，规避风险”。

• issue 在这里是动词，指“发表，颁布，发出” (to officially make a statement, give an order, warning etc)

• state 作动词时表示“声称，宣称，声明” (If you state something, you say or write it in a formal or definite way) ◇The police report stated that he was arrested for allegedly assaulting his wife. 警方的报告称，他因涉嫌殴打妻子而被捕。文中 stating 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰order。

• panel 义为“专门小组” (A panel is a small group of people who are chosen to do something, for example to discuss something in public or to make a decision.) 。 ◇ The advisory panel disagreed with the decision. 顾问小组不同意该决定。

• evaluate 义为“评估，评价” (to judge how good, useful, or successful something is) ◇ They will first send in trained nurses to evaluate the needs of the individual situation . 他们首先会派一些训练有素的护士来评估每个病人的需求。

• reconsider 由re(重新)+consider(考虑)构成，义为“重新考虑，重新斟酌” (If you reconsider a decision or opinion, you think about it and try to decide whether it should be changed) ◇We want you to reconsider your decision to resign from the board. 我们希望你重新考虑辞去董事会职务的决定。

• 📒 语篇分析：本段阐述 联邦巡回法院减少商业专利方法 的原因：最高法院发专利的趋势。①为中心句，点明 联邦巡回法院缩减商业专利方法 是由于最高法院的一系列裁决。②句通过举例子，说明最高法院的反专利态度。③句通过引用别人的话，说明最高法院的反专利态度。

• in the wake of sth 义为“紧随…而来，作为…的结果”，暗含因果关系。比如《经济学人》一篇关于世界经济的文章提到： In the wake of the Brexit vote, the Bank of England has cut its main policy rate to 0.25%, the lowest in its 300-year history. 英国脱欧公投之后，英国央行紧接着将主要政策利率削减至0.25%，是其300年来的历史最低点。

• A comes in the wake of B 字面义是“A随着B而来，A是B的结果”，可理解为A是由于B可用于表达原因 (If one thing follows in the wake of another, it happens after the other thing is over, often as a result of it) [熟词僻义]

• narrow the scope of sth 缩小…的范围 我们在2010年Text1中学过 scope 表示“范围”的用法，再复习一下。

• scope [skəʊp] 义为“范围” (the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with) ，为不可数名词。 ◇These issues were outside the scope of the article. 这些问题不属本文论述范围。

• scope 作名词还可表示“（做或实现某事的）机会，能力” (the opportunity or ability to do or achieve sth) 与 potential 同义。比如《金融时报》一篇关于携程的报道提到： The group estimates that less than