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节分端午自谁言,万古传闻为屈原 | 端午诗选

译言  · 公众号  · 国际  · 2017-05-30 10:18

正文

还记得去年的端午节吗?有哪一些礼仪习俗你记住了呢?


译言菌从今年3月份就开始吃到了鲜肉粽,端午反而没有了吃粽子的兴致,端午节假期也马上结束了,必须要打起精神来迎接2017下半年的生活了。


我们不加入甜粽子还是咸粽子之争,也觉得安康和快乐都是祝福。趁这个时间,泡壶茶,温习一下生字,读两首诗。




小词典


你知道粽子怎么说吗?你知道香包叫什么?


Dragon Boat race:龙舟竞赛 

rice dumpling(s)、tzung tzu:粽子 

Moxa:艾草 

Hsiung Huang Wine:雄黄酒 

Fragrant Sachets:香包 




端午节跟屈原有什么关系?


Dragon Boat Festival


The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar. 

端午节又称五五节,是农历五月初五的节日。


The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is a significant holiday celebrated in China, and the one with the longest history. It is one of the most important Chinese festivals, the other two being the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Year.

在中国,端午节是一个值得庆祝的重大节日,有着悠久的历史典故,端午节也是三大重要节庆之一,其他分别为中秋节和农历新年。 


The origin of this summer festival centers around a scholarly government official named Qu Yuan. He was a good and respected man, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperor's court. Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Qu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Lo River.

而端午节的由来是古代有一位博学多闻的官吏屈原,他是一位爱民而且又受到尊崇的官吏,但是由于受到一充满嫉妒的官吏所陷害,从此屈原在朝廷中被皇帝所冷落。而由于无法获得重视,屈原在忧郁的情况下投泪罗江自尽。


Because of their admiration for Qu Yuan, the local people living adjacent to the Mi Lo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons. Although they were unable to find Qu Yuan, their efforts are still commemorated today during the Dragon Boat Festival. 

由于屈原受到居民的爱戴,大家纷纷的划船在江内寻找屈原,并且将米丢入泪罗江中,以平息泪罗江中的龙。虽然他们当时并没有找到屈原,但是他们的行为,直到今天在端午节的时候,仍然被人们传颂纪念着。


The boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival are traditional customs to attempts to rescue the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan drowned on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 277 B.C. Chinese citizens now throw bamboo leaves filled with cooked rice into the water. Therefore the fish could eat the rice rather than the hero poet. This later on turned into the custom of eating rice dumplings. 

龙舟竞赛是端午节的传统习俗,当时是为了营救爱国诗人屈原。屈原在公元前277年的农历五月初五跳入江河中淹死,中国居民将竹叶包满熟饭丢入水裡。因此,鱼可以吃米饭,而不是英雄诗人。这后来也变成了每年端午节吃粽子的习俗。


The celebration is a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of the year. It is done so by different practices such as hanging healthy herbs on the front door, drinking nutritious concoctions, and displaying portraits of evil's nemesis, Zhong Kui. If one manages to stand an egg on it's end at exactly 12:00 noon, the following year will be a lucky one.

在端午节举行庆祝活动是为了趋吉避凶,祈求整年避免疾病以及邪恶的入侵。与众不同的做法,每户人家将草药挂在门前,并且喝营养的雄黄酒,还有著名的钟馗画像,甚至还有一个传闻,若能在当天中午12点将蛋立起,那么隔一年他将会是个幸运的人。




屈原什么人?读一读诗歌就知道了。


《离骚》选段


长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰。

Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,

To see my people bowed by griefs and fears.


亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。

Since my heart did love such purity,

I'd not regret a thousand deaths to die.


惟草木之零落兮,恐美人之迟暮。

The fallen flowers lay scattered on the ground,

The dusk might fall before my dream was found.


 


《九歌·山鬼》

The Mountain Spirit (A Verse in "Nine Songs")


“山鬼”,即山中之神。通常被认为是一位女神。有研究者认为,本诗讲述了一场“人神恋爱”,即山鬼爱上了人间的公子的故事。也有研究者认为,按先秦祭祀礼俗,巫者降神必须先将自己装扮得与神灵相貌、服饰相似,神灵才肯“附身”受祭。本诗以装扮成山鬼模样的女巫,入山接迎神灵(公子)而不遇的情状,来表现世人虔诚迎神以求福佑的思恋之情。


若有人兮山之阿,被薜荔兮带女萝。

既含睇兮又宜笑,子慕予兮善窈窕。

There seem to be a lady in the deep mountain,

Clad in creeping vine and girded with ivy,

With a charming look and a becoming smile.

"Do you admire me for my lovely form?"


乘赤豹兮从文狸,辛夷车兮结桂旗。

被石兰兮带杜衡,折芳馨兮遗所思。

余处幽篁兮终不见天,路险难兮独后来。

She rides a red leopard - striped lynxes following behind -

Her chariot of magnolia arrayed with banners of cassia,

Her cloak made of orchids and her girdle of azalea,

Calling sweet flowers for those dear in her heart.

"I live in a bamboo grove, the sky unseen

The road hither is steep and dangerous; I arrive alone and late."


表独立兮山之上,云容容兮而在下。

杳冥冥兮羌昼晦,东风飘兮神灵雨。

留灵修兮憺忘归,岁既晏兮孰华予?

"Alone I stand on the mountain top

While the clouds gather beneath me.

All gloomy and dark is the day;

The east wind drifts and god sends down rain.

Waiting for the divine one, I forget to go home.

The year is late. Who will now bedeck me?"


采三秀兮于山间,石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓。

怨公子兮怅忘归,君思我兮不得闲。

"I pluck the larkspur on the mountain side,

The rocks are craggy; and the vines tangled.

Complaining of the young lord, sadly I forget to go home.

You, my lord, must be thinking of me; but you are too busy to come,"


山中人兮芳杜若,饮石泉兮荫松柏,

君思我兮然疑作。

The lady in the mountain, fragrant with sweet herb,

Drinks from the rocky spring, shaded by pines and firs.

"You, my lord, are thinking of me, but then you hesitate."


雷填填兮雨冥冥,猨啾啾兮狖夜鸣。

风飒飒兮木萧萧,思公子兮徒离忧。

The thunder rumbles and the rain darkens;

The gibbons mourn, howling all the night;

The wind whistles and the trees are bare.

"I am thinking of the young lord; I sorrow in vain."



端午节都什么风景?


《七律·端午》


The Dragon Boat Festival


(唐)文 秀


(Tang) the show


节分端午自谁言,万古传闻为屈原;


Dragon Boat Festival is made from the who, vancomycin rumors of his;


堪笑楚江空渺渺,不能洗得直臣冤。


Laughing Chujiang empty at all, can not be washed naoomi injustice.


《七律·端午》


The Dragon Boat Festival there.


(唐)殷尧藩


Yin Yaofan (Tang)


少年佳节倍多情,老去谁知感慨生;


Young festival times affectionate, old to behold regrets born;


不效艾符趋习俗,但祈蒲酒话升平。


No effect of Fu more custom, but Qi Pu wine shengping.


鬓丝日日添白头,榴锦年年照眼明;


Temples silk day add white-headed, Liu Jin annual as eyes;


千载贤愚同瞬息,几人湮没几垂名。


For thousands of years with a few people there, lost several vertical name.


《竞渡歌》(节录)


Boat Song (excerpt)


(唐)张建封


Zhang Jianfeng (Tang)


五月五日天晴明,杨花绕江啼晓鹰;


May 5th day light, Yang around the river Tixiao eagle;


使君未出郡斋外,江上早闻齐和声;


You are not a county vegetarian, Jiang Wen Qi and early;


使君出时皆有准,马前已被红旗引;


When you are near, the horse has been red flag lead;


两岸罗衣扑鼻香,银钗照日如霜刃;


The skirt smell of incense, silver hairpin date such as frost blade;


鼓声三下红旗开,两龙跃出浮水来;


The three red flag open, two dragon spring floating;


棹影斡波飞万剑,鼓声劈浪鸣千雷;


Zhao Ying model wave fly ten thousand swords, the waves singing thousand thunder;


鼓声渐急标将近,两龙望标目如瞬;


Drum becoming almost standard emergency, two dragons like headings transient;


坡上人呼霹雳惊,竿头彩挂虹霓晕;


On the slope, people call Perak panic, rainbow halo hanging pole first;


前船抢水已得标,后船失势空挥挠。


Before the ship rob water has bid, after the ship out swing space deflection.

《节令门·端阳》


Duanyang festive door.


(清)李静山


(Qing) Li Jingshan


樱桃桑椹与菖蒲,更买雄黄酒一壶。


Cherry mulberry and calamus, more to buy a pot of yellow wine.


门外高悬黄纸帖,却疑账主怕灵符。


Door yellow paper for brand, but the suspect Zhang lingfu Lord afraid.

《七律·端午》


The Dragon Boat Festival there.


老 舍


The old house


端午偏逢风雨狂,村童仍着旧衣裳;


The Dragon Boat Festival slants meet rain crazy, village children are old clothes;


相邀情重携蓑笠,敢为泥深恋草堂;


Invite love heavy Suo Li, dare mud deep love for cottage;


有客同心当骨肉,无钱买酒卖文章;


There is a guest concentric when flesh, no money to buy wine sells articles;


当年此会鱼三尺,不似今朝豆味香。


When the fish was three feet, not like today bean taste sweet.


  

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