考研和四六级考试临近,很多同学慌不择路,开始拼命背诵各种写作模板,但殊不知市面上很多模板都被用烂了,考官早已对这类句型免疫。
还有的同学不顾所谓“高级表达”的使用语境而生搬硬套,不仅不能加分,还有可能被扣分。
为了帮助大家能够顺利通过即将到来的写作考试,在
接下来的文章中,我会从《经济学人
》
、《纽约时报
》、
《金融时报》、BBC等外刊中
摘取地道表达和句型,帮助大家提高英文写作的灵活性和地道性。我不会选择过于华丽巧妙的句型,而是会精挑细选一些十分地道实用,但难度不高、易于模仿的句型,帮助大家尽快上手,能够立刻准确且灵活运用到自己的作文里。我们今天先来讲三个可以用于作文开头段的表达。
很多同学看到“随着科技的发展“第一反应是非常模板化的句型:
With the development of technology, ……其实这一句型native speakers并不常用,而在国内考试这一句型也已经被用烂了,毫无新意,在这里教给大家一个更地道的句型,进行完美替换:
As technology develops/improves by leaps and bounds, …
名词leap和bound都有“跳跃”的意思,短语by leaps and bounds形容改善或进步非常迅速,突飞猛进。
比如《经济学人》一篇关于旅游业的文章有这样一句话:
It has grown by leaps and bounds in recent years.近年来,旅游业迅猛发展。
再比如《西雅图时报》一篇关于人脸识别技术的文章有这样一句话:
我们以后想表达"随着…的发展"时,便可以套用这一地道表达,写成
As sth grows/improves by leaps and bounds,…
比如
◇
As
technology
improves by leaps and bounds
, people can save much time an
d improve the living quality.
随着科技的快速发展,人们可以节约很多时间,并且提高生活质量。
再比如
◇As the gig economy grows by leaps and bounds, ...
随着
零工经济的迅速发展,…
◇As AI technology improves by leaps and bounds, ...
随着人工智能的迅速发展,...
如果想把句子扩写得更长,我们还可以在这句话后面加上具体的时间状语,比如:
As technology has developed/improved by leaps and bounds over the past two decades, ….
As technology has developed/improved by leaps and bounds since the half of the 20th century,…
我们在议论文的开头段经常要说对“人们对...的看法不一”,很多同学可能会写成 Different people have different opinions about sth.这一句式略显啰嗦,《经济学人》会怎么写呢?我们来看《经济学人》一篇关于克隆技术的文章,里面有这样一句话:
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于中国基础设施的文章标题是这样写的:
我们可以从中提炼出一个句式:
Opinions are divided on sth
. 人们对...的看法不一。
我们用一道雅思题目小试牛刀:
Some people think that museums should be enjoyable places to entertain people, while others believe that the purpose of museums is to educate.Discuss both views and give you own opinion.
在开头段我们可以套用刚刚学到的句式改写一下题目:
Opinions are divided on
the role and function of museums. In my opinion, museums should be both entertaining and educational.
我们还可把介词
on
改为
as to
,也表示“关于,至于”,写成:
Opinions are divided as to sth.
比如
◇
Opinions are divided as to
whether children should be taught to be competitive or co-operative.
除此之外,我们还可利用小词
vary
,句型
Opinions about sth vary from person to person.
也可表示“人们对…的看法不一”,比如人们对无人驾驶汽车的看法不一:
Opinions about
autonomous vehicles
vary from person to person.
我们在写议论文时往往会围绕某个社会问题或社会现象进行讨论,比如人口老龄化问题,环境污染问题,青少年犯罪问题等等,我们经常需要表达“人们对
…
感到担忧”,从而引出社会现象。很多作文书给出的句型都很死板僵化,譬如
There is growing public anxiety over sth
,这些句型大家都会使用,今天我们教给大家一个出自《经济学人》的地道句型
:
Worries have multiplied about sth
《经济学人》一篇关于互联网裁员潮的文章有这样一句话:
Worries have multiplied about the pace of revenue growth in a slowing economy, as well as the time it is taking for highly valued private startups to approach profitability.经济逐渐放缓,人们对营收的增速以及高估值私营创业公司何时能盈 利的担忧也大为增加。
我们可从中提炼出一个句型:
Worries have multiplied about sth.
人们对…的担忧大大增加,人们越来越担心… 动词multiply是“增加”的意思。
我们还可以把动词multiply替换为mount, 也表示“增加”。
注意这里
作者把about sth放在句末是因为about后面的内容很长,包含一个...as well as...结构,如果把about sth
放在前面会会显得句子头重脚轻,前后不平衡,
当about后面的内容比较短时,我们可以写作
Worries about sth have multiplied
。
比如谈到就业问题:
Worries about
unemployment
have mounte
d/multiplied.
谈到青少年肥胖问题:
Worries about
childhood obesity
have mounted/multiplied.
谈到人口老龄化问题:
Worries about
population ageing
have mounted/multiplied.
同样的,我们可以在这句话后面加上具体的时间状语:
Worries about sth have multiplied/mounted in the past two years.
1.如何表达“随着...发展”?
As technology has developed by leaps and bounds (over the past decades), ...
2.如何表达“人们对...的看法不一”?
Opinions are divided on/as to sth.
Opinions about sth vary from person to person?
3.如何表达“人们对...感到越来越担心”?
Worries about sth have multiplied/mounted.