这是外刊看世界的第132篇《经济学人》精读笔记。
原文刊登于《经济学人》。
本文节选237词，难度★★★。
大家期待已久的精读笔记已经上线，请戳千呼万唤的“精读笔记合辑”始出来！了解吧！
全民医疗也很实用。它可以防止“搭便车”者把不参保的成本转嫁给参保人群——比如把急诊室挤得水泄不通或是传播传染病。全民医疗并不一定意味着“大政府”，私营保险公司和供应商仍然可以发挥重要作用。
实际上，这种实用的做法恰是低成本革命所需要的。以医疗保险计划的设计为例。许多国家先赋予一小群人获得大量福利的资格，期望在稍后扩展至其他人群。(玄妙的是，公务员总是受益者。)这既有失公平又效率低下，还可能催生出反对将保险扩大到其他人的选民群体。更好的选择是覆盖尽可能多的人，即便能提供的服务有限，比如墨西哥的“大众医疗保险”（Seguro Popular）计划那样。
原文通读
Global health
Within reach
The case for it is a powerful one—including in poor countries
Small amounts of spending can go a long way. Research led by Dean Jamison, a health economist, has identified over 200 effective interventions, including immunisations and neglected procedures such as basic surgery. In total, these would cost poor countries about an extra $1 per week per person and cut the number of premature deaths there by more than a quarter. Around half that funding would go to primary health centres, not city hospitals, which today receive more than their fair share of the money.
The health of nations
Consider, too, the $37bn spent each year on health aid. Since 2000, this has helped save millions from infectious diseases. But international health organisations can distort domestic institutions, for example by setting up parallel programmes or by diverting health workers into pet projects. A better approach, seen in Rwanda, is when programmes targeting a particular disease bring broader benefits. One example is the way that the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria finances community health workers who treat patients with HIV but also those with other diseases.
Europeans have long wondered why the United States shuns the efficiencies and health gains from universal care, but its potential in developing countries is less understood. So long as half the world goes without essential treatment, the fruits of centuries of medical science will be wasted. Universal basic health care can help realise its promise.
▇
Small amounts of spending can go a long way. Research led by Dean Jamison, a health economist, has identified over 200 effective interventions, including immunisations（要能识记这个单词，immune是免疫，这个是免疫作用） and neglected procedures such as basic surgery. In total, these would cost poor countries about an extra $1 per week per person and cut the number of premature deaths there by（注意介词） more than a quarter. Around half that funding would go to primary health centres, not city hospitals, which today receive more than their fair share of the money.
The health of nations
Consider（等同于昨天的take，祈使句）, too, the $37bn spent each year on health aid. Since 2000, this has helped save millions from infectious diseases. But international health organisations can distort domestic institutions, for example by（文章读多了会发现的确一个作者有一种行文风格，这个表达结构在这篇文章出现很多次了） setting up parallel programmes or by diverting health workers into pet projects. A better approach, seen in Rwanda, is when programmes targeting a particular disease bring broader benefits. One example is the way that（再次出现了the way that，大家复习一下吧） the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria finances community health workers who treat patients with HIV but also those with other diseases（要明确这里的but also并列的不是workers，而是patients）.
Europeans have long wondered why the United States shuns（避开） the efficiencies and health gains from universal care, but its（指代universal care） potential in developing countries is less understood. So long as half the world goes without essential treatment, the fruits of centuries of medical science will be wasted. Universal basic health care can help realise its promise.
▼单词识记：
▷distort /dɪˈstɔːt/：其一，to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear，（使）变形、失真、反常，【例】Tall buildings can distort radio signals. 其二，to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct，歪曲、曲解，【例】His account was badly distorted by the press. 其三，to change a situation from the way it would naturally be，扭曲，【例】an expensive subsidy which distorts the market
▼熟词僻义：
▷long：讲过几次了，long可以作副词，表示for a long time，长时间地、很长一段时间以来，【例】Reform of the law is long overdue.
▷the fruit(s) of something：the good results that you have from something, after you have worked very hard，某事物的成果，【例】I’m looking forward to retirement and having time to enjoy the fruits of my labour (=the results of my hard work).
▼写作句型：
▷ go a long way：If you say that someone will go a long way, you mean that they will be very successful.，指某事非常成功，【例】All parents hope that their children will go a long way in their lives.
▷So long as……：等同于as long as，一般用于引导条件状语从句，翻译为“只要”，【例】You may take this book away so long as you return it on time .
▼长难句分析：
▷Around half that funding would go to primary health centres, not city hospitals, which today receive more than their fair share of the money.：两个需要注意的。其一，which这里引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词city hospitals；其二，注意 fair share of the money的用法，fair是形容词，指公平的，也就是应得的，share of the money指的是前面说的that funding，也就是 $1 per week per person的这笔钱。
▷A better approach, seen in Rwanda, is when programmes targeting a particular disease bring broader benefits.：这句话凸显出切割语法结构的重要性。切割语法结构的关键在于找准句子真正谓语，这是因为一个句子中真正的谓语动词只能有一个。这句话的关键就是系动词is。所以when引导的就应该是表语从句。而在表语从句中，继续找核心的谓语，就应该是bring。所以targeting就是现在分词作后置定语，修饰从句中的主语programmes。
今日翻译我们十分建议各位读者在阅读完笔记后，选择一段你认为最难的片段，点击下部留言，用2-3分钟的时间进行翻译。这样效果更好！学习方法详见：（附答疑个人微信号）缺少翻译，你的精读效果只有10%
特别声明：本公众号文章均为原创，未对版权文章翻译发表，仅供学习交流参考，禁止转载并用于商业用途。如对本公众号发布的文章存有异议，欢迎留言告知，编辑将在24小时内回复处理。
精彩推荐
脑机科技前瞻（一） | 《经济学人》精读笔记
脑机科技前瞻（二） | 《经济学人》精读笔记
脑机科技前瞻（三） | 《经济学人》精读笔记
脑机科技前瞻（终） | 《经济学人》精读笔记
脑机科技前瞻（分析） | 《经济学人》精读笔记
大家期待已久的精读笔记已经上线，请戳千呼万唤的“精读笔记合辑”始出来！了解吧！
长按二维码 关注外刊看世界
掌握语言，是为了换一个视角看世界
也许长，但必定值得耐心学习
愿你看待这个星球的眼光能够批判且不同
