外刊阅读20210313｜从事什么行业才能变得非常有钱？

In a forceful petition, the plaintiffs are asking the justices to review the lower-court rulings,（which accepted Harvard’s claim that its race-conscious admissions process passes muster under Supreme Court precedents — especially the 2003 case of Grutter v. Bollinger, which allowed the University of Michigan to take race into account in the interests of achieving “diversity.”）

原告在一份强有力的请愿书中，要求法官们审查下级法院的裁决，他们此前的裁决接受了哈佛大学的主张，即他们具有种族意识的录取程序在最高法院的判例下是合规的——尤其是2003年的格拉特对鲍灵格一案，该案允许密歇根大学为了实现“多样性”而考虑种族因素。

which accepted...指的是the low–court ruling

the 2003 case of Grutter v. Bollinger指的是Supreme Court precedents

1.pass muster: to be accepted as of a good enough standard

本句的修饰部分有点多，需耐心理解

《本期内容》

For example, if you want to become rich, tech may be a less likely way than you suppose. In 2019, about 2.4 percent of software developers made it to the top one percent of earners. As the economist Jonathan Rothwell points out in his superb book, “A Republic of Equals,” as of 2015 there were nearly eight times as many software developers in this country as there were dentists, but nearly as many dentists in the top one percent as there were software developers.

The odds are also against you if you go into the STEM professions. Just about 2.2 percent of electrical engineers made it to the top one percent, just about 3.3 percent of chemical engineers did and about 0.8 percent of industrial engineers did. The arts aren’t so hot either. Even just among people who manage to make a living as an actor, a director or a producer, just about 2.1 percent made it to the tippy top.

What’s wrong with all these professions? That’s simple: These are highly competitive, innovative and productive industries where global competition drives down earnings. You want to go into a profession protected by strong professional organizations and state legislators who will shield you from global competition and productivity growth.

So what profession is most likely to get you rich? Medicine! You get to save lives and make bank all at once! One third of doctors overall, including about 58.6 percent of surgeons, are in the top one percent of earners. There are more doctors and surgeons in the top one percent than any other job category . According to Rothwell’s book, in Spain, Sweden and Iceland, doctors earn twice as much as the average worker, but in the United States physicians and surgeons earn nearly five times as much.

It typically takes a minimum of 11 years of difficult training to become a doctor, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. Once you’re a doctor, you are protected by state laws from competition from lower cost workers. If you’re squeamish around blood, you can go into law. Census data for 2019 shows that about 14.5 percent of lawyers are in the top one percent of earners. And for some of the same reasons: high barriers to entry, limits on competition from less costly alternatives and limits on innovation.