“Central Bank Independence Revisited in the Era of Unconventional Monetary Policy”
My speech today revolves one single important question: if and how the concept of an independent central bank has been challenged, or perhaps even undermined, in an era of unconventional monetary policies, including their own exit strategies.
Quite a few examples come to mind, especially looking at the latest developments. US President-elect Donald Trump criticised Fed Chair Janet Yellen for the Fed’s policy of low interest rates. In particular, the Fed has been accused of bias by President-elect Trump. British Prime Minister Theresa May came openly against the Bank of England’s policy under Governor Mark Carney saying that low interest rates deprive savers of interest income. Also, Germany’s “five wise men” (Council of Economic Experts) and German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble criticised ECB President Mario Draghi for his negative interest rate policy. Against this background, the ultimate question is quite straightforward: is central bank independence sufficient for price stability when the tail risk of deflation is visible and unconventional monetary policies last too long? Opinions differ on this and I will give you my own view on this question in a minute, but before that let me make my view clear thatcentral bank independence is a necessary condition for price stability both in terms of mitigating a political business cycle, but also in terms of reducing the inflationary bias inherent in monetary policy.