校园更新：4m深、19m高，结构独立的超薄建筑

搜建筑 · 公众号 · · 2024-05-09 13:32

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上外附中校园更新

畎亩建筑

上海外国语大学附属外国语学校是上海家长心目中的“神仙学校”。学校位于上海虹口区旧城区，东南面贴临内环高架和地铁3号线轨交桥，西南面为改造中的老旧社区，用地不规则、周边界面复杂、建筑密度高。这类校园的更新设计存在三个痛点：复杂且难度高、体量小、施工时间短，这类项目在常规操作中往往难以把控设计与施工品质。

Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated with SISU is a "fairy school" in the minds of Shanghai parents. The school is located in the old urban area of Hongkou District of Shanghai, not only with the inner ring elevated and metro line 3 rail bridge to the southeast, but also old communities under renovation to the southwest which is facing irregular land use, complex interfaces, and high building density. There are three main points in the renewal design of this kind of campus: complexity and difficulty, small project size, and short construction time. It is often difficult to control the design and construction quality of this kind of project.

三年以来畎亩建筑坚持“化零为整”，逐步完成教学楼、地下操场、主席台、纪念品店等大小设计，并链接成一个校园中心活动区域，润物细无声的更新促进校园有机生长。

Over the past three years, A.C.R.E Atelier has insisted on "turning zero into whole", gradually completing the design of the teaching building, underground playground, podium, souvenir shop, etc., and linking them into a central activity area of the campus, to promote the organic growth of the campus through a slight way.

更新：建造一个“薄建筑”。实验楼在廿年间几经改造，其西立面是石材与玻璃幕墙组成的人为“复杂构成”，且0.9m间距的竖龙骨让空间闭塞。夏天炎热缺少通风窗，疏散宽度仅1.1m，拥挤且无停歇空间。位于四层的多功能厅空间陈旧，设备与消防均不足满足学校日益革新的教学理念与活动。

Updating: build a "thin building". The west elevation of the laboratory building, which has been renovated several times over the past 20 years, is an artificial "complex composition" of stone and glass curtain walls, and the vertical keels with a space of 0.9m make the space closed. There are not enough ventilation windows in the summer heat, and the evacuation width is only 1.1m, making the space crowded and with no space to rest. The multi-purpose hall on the fourth floor was outdated, with inadequate equipment and fire protection to meet the school's increasingly innovative teaching concepts and activities.

轴测分析图

实验楼西面原本是一条草坪，是利用率不高的校园的剩余空间，但这4m进深提供了一个建造的机会。有了这条薄地，建筑师就可以摒弃惯常的表皮式改造，转而建造一个4m深、19m高、结构独立的超薄建筑。薄建筑自然的并置于老楼西侧，底层开敞，一楼挑檐下的灰空间成为老楼入口的照壁。

The west side of the laboratory building was originally a lawn, which was the remaining space of the campus that was not highly utilized, but the 4m width provided an opportunity for construction. With this thin piece of land, we could abandon the usual skin-type renovation and build an ultra-thin and independent building with a width of 4m and a height of 19mstructure. The building is naturally juxtaposed on the west side of the old building. The ground floor is open and the gray space under the overhanging eaves on the first floor becomes the screen wall for the entrance of the old building.

薄建筑分析图

更重要的是，与老楼并置的独立结构，解开抗震规范给空间的枷锁。楼梯的空间不再局限于整齐的双跑形式，而转化成围绕两片墙体盘旋而上的延绵连续的高远空间，功能楼梯转变为“可行，可望，可游”的游廊，让日常活动交通产生诗意，似登山远眺的山水之游。

More importantly, the independent structure unshackles the space given by the seismic code [ The laboratory building was constructed before the implementation of the seismic code (2013). However, if only partial structural changes were made during the update, the overall structure would also need to be reinforced according to the new code, which would have a significant impact on the budget of this project]. The space of the staircase is no longer limited to the double-running form but is transformed into a continuous space circling the two walls. The functional staircase is transformed into a "feasible, visible, and swimmable" corridor, which makes the traffic of daily activities poetic, and seems to be a landscape tour with a distant view from the mountain.

伞型支撑结构推敲模型

从米罗的画异构而来的门进入礼堂，两个空间的强烈对比呈现了薄建筑与老楼之间的组织关系的“透明”–悬置在空中的新空间与旧空间彼此交叠的关系。薄空间与礼堂空间唤起了建筑师想要实现的“互相渗透但在视觉上不存在彼此破坏的情形。”礼堂的辅助空间（放映设备室）位于薄建筑的四楼，这个空间无法从外立面感知出来。或者说薄建筑四楼半透的钜形体块在面对舞台方向提供了辅助功能空间，其背后为整个实验楼新的形象。

Entering the auditorium through a door that has been deconstructed from Joan Miró's(1893-1983) paintings, the stark contrast between the two spaces presents a "transparency" in the relationship between the thin(new) building and the old one - the relationship between the new space suspended in the air and the old space overlapping with each other. The thin space and the auditorium space evoke the architects' desire to realize "a situation of interpenetration without visual destruction of each other." The auxiliary space of the auditorium (the projection equipment room) is located on the fourth floor of the thin building, a space that cannot be perceived from the facade. In a other word, the semi-transparent, vantage-shaped block on the fourth floor of the thin building provides an auxiliary functional space in the direction of the stage, behind which is a new image of the entire experimental building.

材料的创新。当代建筑的“透明”往往指向高能耗的玻璃幕墙。玻璃幕墙因坠落风险被《中小学设计规范》限制，不能使用于在二层以上。因此，在校园更新中，呈现通透并能遮阳避雨、自然通风的空间往往是一个挑战。在垂直前厅的设计中，最早我们试图完全开敞，但是校长再三强调需要考虑避雨。但是我们又不希望完全封闭，以至于需要加入空调新风设备等能耗设施。

Material Innovation. The "transparency" of contemporary architecture often points to energy-intensive glass curtain walls. Glass curtain walls are restricted by the Elementary and Secondary School Design Code from being used above the first floor due to the risk of falling. As a result, it is often a challenge to provide transparent spaces that are sheltered from sun and rain and naturally ventilated in campus renewal. In the design of the vertical vestibule, we first tried to make it completely open, but the headmaster repeatedly emphasized the need to rain protection. However, we did not want the space to be so completely enclosed that we needed to install some energy-consuming features such as air-conditioning and fresh air equipment.

借鉴江南传统建筑支摘窗构造，转化设计出一种极轻的“风雨檐”。采用半透的ETFE膜做屋檐，膜的厚度仅0.25mm，每平方自重450克，因此结构主要用以承受风荷载。通过这样做，“风雨屋檐”看起来很轻。同时层叠的支摘窗在雨天能够最大限度疏水，保持了走廊的干燥。新材料让日常感的“支摘窗”产生陌生的未来感，在不同视角和光线下形成细腻的视觉感受，当学生从内外眺望时，丰富的透明度让空间变温柔，也为停驻与交流创造更多可能。

Drawing on the traditional Jiangnan architecture in China support window structure, the design was transformed into an extremely light "wind and rain eaves". The use of a semi-transparent ETFE membrane for the eaves, the thickness of the membrane is only 0.25mm, each square weight 450 grams, so the structure is mainly used to withstand wind loads. It made the "wind and rain eaves" look light by doing this. At the same time, the stacked pivot windows maximize hydrophobicity in rainy weather. The new material creates an unfamiliar futuristic sense of the everyday "pivots windows", and creates delicate visual sensations under different perspectives and light. When students look out from the inside and the outside, the rich transparency makes the space gentler and also creates more possibilities for them to stop and communicate with each other.