近日，特朗普发推文表示，跨性别者不得以任何形式在美军服役。这一表态与奥巴马一年前落实的政策相左。奥巴马于
2016年发布的政策
要求五角大楼终结跨性别者在美军公开身份服役的长期禁令。特朗普的推文发出后，引发各界批评。众议院民主党领袖南希谴责此举是对正在服役的跨性别者的羞辱。
特朗普禁止跨性别者在美军服役
译者：李苏苑&徐嘉茵
校对：赵萌萌
策划：邹世昌
Donald Trump says US military will not allow transgender people to serve
特朗普禁止跨性别者在美军服役
本文选自 The Guardian | 取经号原创翻译
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Donald Trump said on Wednesday he would not allow transgender individuals to serve in the US military in any capacity, reversing a policy put in place by Barack Obama a year ago.
上周三，特朗普表示，跨性别者不得以任何形式在美国军队服役。这一表态与奥巴马一年前落实的政策相左。
The US president tweeted: “After consultation with my generals and military experts, please be advised that the United States government will not accept or allow … transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the US military.”
美国总统发推称：“在与将军和军事专家磋商后，我们决定美国政府将不会接受或允许跨性别者以任何方式在美军服役。”
He added: “Our military must be focused on decisive and overwhelming … victory and cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender in the military would entail.”
他补充道：“我们的军队必须将精力集中于取得决定性和压倒性的胜利，故而无法承担军中跨性别者产生的巨额医疗费用和带来的干扰。”
Later, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, the White House press secretary, was not able to say if the thousands of currently serving transgender people would be thrown out of the military. She said: “That’s something that the department of defense and the White House will have to work on together, as implementation takes place and is done so lawfully.”
随后，白宫新任女发言人桑德斯（Sarah Huckabee Sanders）不能说明数千名现役跨性别者是否会被赶出军队。她说：“ 这是国防部与白宫必须合力完成的事情，已经开始执行，而且行为完全合法。”
Trump’s decision marks a sharp reversal of a policy initiated under Obama in 2016, in which the Pentagon ended a longtime ban on trans people serving openly in the military.
特朗普的决定使得2016年奥巴马政府启动的政策出现了急剧逆转，该政策要求五角大楼终结跨性别者在美军公开身份服役的长期禁令。
Huckabee Sanders denied that Trump was breaking his campaign promise to protect the
LGBTQ
community. “The president has a lot of support for all Americans and certainly wants to protect all Americans at all times,” she said. “The president’s expressed concern since this Obama policy came into effect, but he’s also voiced that this is a very expensive and disruptive policy and, based on consultation that he’s had with his national security team, came to the conclusion that it erodes military readiness and unit cohesion, and made the decision based on that.”
桑德斯否认特朗普违背了竞选时许下的保护
LGBTQ（性少数）
群体的承诺。“总统大力支持每一个美国人，也的确像在任何情况下保护每一个美国人，”她说，“总统自奥巴马该政策生效以来就对该政策表示过担忧，他还表示该政策不仅昂贵，还会带来诸多不便。而且，总统在与国家安全小组磋商后得出结论，这一政策会破坏军队战备以及部队和谐，并在此基础上做了决定。”
LGBTQ
：LGBT是英文女同性恋者（Lesbians）、男同性恋者（Gays）、双性恋者（Bisexuals）与跨性别者（Transgender）的首字母缩略字。1990年代，由于“同性恋社群”一词无法完整体现相关群体，“LGBT”一词便应运而生、并逐渐普及。在现代用语中，“LGBT”一词十分重视性倾向与性别认同文化多样性，除了狭义的指同性恋、双性恋或跨性别族群，也可广泛代表所有非异性恋者。另外，也有人在词语后方加上字母“Q”，代表酷儿（Queer）和/或对其性别认同感到疑惑的人（Questioning），即是“LGBTQ”。
Unusually, the new press secretary threatened to end the briefing if questions on the topic continued. “If those are the only questions we have, I’m gonna call it a day, but if we have questions on other topics, I’ll be happy to take them.”
不寻常的是，这位新任白宫发言人威胁称，如果就这一话题继续提问，就取消白宫新闻发布会。“如果这就是问我们的唯一问题，那新闻发布会就到此为止，但如果有关于其他话题的疑问，我很乐于解答。”
The next question was about cabinet morale, but then a reporter returned to the issue of transgender people in the military. The briefing ended two minutes later.
下一个问题关于总统内阁士气，但之后一位记者又把话题转到了军队跨性别者的问题，那场发布会两分钟后就结束了。
The Pentagon appeared to be caught off guard by Trump’s announcement, and deferred to the White House when reached for comment.
五角大楼在特朗普公开表态之后有些措手不及，被要求作出评论时表示会遵从白宫的意思。
“We will continue to work closely with the White House to address the new guidance provided by the commander-in-chief on trans individuals serving the military,” a spokesperson for the defense department said. “We will provide revised guidance to the department in the near future.”
“我们会同白宫密切合作，解决总司令（特朗普）就跨性别者服役问题提出的新指令，”国防部的一位发言人如是说，“我们会尽快向国防部门提供修订指令。”
Under Obama, then defense secretary Ashton Carter announced on 30 June 2016 that any trans person already in the armed forces could serve openly “effective immediately”.
2016年6月30日，奥巴马政府时期，时任国防部长卡特（Ashton Carter）宣布，所有现役跨性别者可进行服役，且该政策立即生效。
Backlash to Trump’s decision was swift, and transcended party lines.
针对特朗普决定的反对浪潮很快就席卷而来，而且两党中均有出现。
Carter told the Guardian: “What matters in choosing those who serve is that they are best qualified.
卡特告诉《卫报》：“ 选择服役人员时，重要的是他们是合格的。
“To choose service members on other grounds than military qualifications is social policy and has no place in our military. There are already transgender individuals who are serving capably and honorably. This action would also send the wrong signal to a younger generation thinking about military service.”
选择服役人员时考虑的不是军事资格，而是其他理由，这属于社会政策，在我们军队中是没有立足之地的。我们已经有了现役跨性别军人，他们都有能力，也在光荣地服役。特朗普的措施还会误导想要服役的年轻一代。”
Arizona senator John McCain, who chairs the Senate armed services committee, said: “The president’s tweet this morning is yet another example of why major policy announcements should not be made via Twitter.”
参议院军事委员会主席、亚利桑那州参议员麦凯恩（John McCain）表示：“ 总统今晨发推文行为（引发风波）是说明为什么重大政策不应通过推特来宣布的又一范例。”
He added: “Any American who meets current medical and readiness standards should be allowed to continue serving. There is no reason to force service members who are able to fight, train, and deploy to leave the military – regardless of their gender identity.”
他补充道：“任何满足医疗和战备标准的美国人都应被允许继续服役。没有理由强迫能够战斗，训练，和部署的现役人员离开军队——无论他们的性别认同是什么。”
Several studies had already found that reversing the ban was unlikely to have a negative impact on the military.
多项研究已发现，推翻（跨性别者服役）禁令不可能对军队造成负面影响。
A 2016 study by the Rand Corporation estimated there are up to 6,630 trans people on active duty and up to 4,160 in the select reserve. There are roughly 1.4 million active-duty US service members.
兰德公司公布的一份2016年的研究估计，目前有多达6630名跨性别的现役军人和4160名预备役人员。现役美国士兵大约有140万。
The same study estimated that medical care for individuals who transition would cost roughly $2.4-$4m annually. Every year, the Pentagon spends approximately $6bn on medical care for active members of the armed forces.
该研究还估计，每年为跨性别者提供医疗服务将花费约240-400万美元。每年，五角大楼会投入约60亿美元为军队现役军人提供医疗服务。
Trump’s decision comes after the Pentagon recently delayed a deadline set by the Obama administration of 1 July 2017 to decide whether incoming recruits who openly identified as trans could enlist.
此前，奥巴马政府将2017年7月1日定为决定公开认定为跨性别者的人员能否入伍的截止日期，最近五角大楼将这一截止日期延迟了，随后特朗普就作出了这一决定。
Last month, defense secretary James Mattis outlined the six-month delay on trans recruitment in an internal memo, in which he wrote: “We will use this additional time to evaluate more carefully the impact of such accessions on readiness and lethality.”
上月，国防部长詹姆斯·马蒂斯（James Mattis）在会议记录中列出决定是否招募跨性别者的延迟时间为六个月，他写道：“我们需要额外的时间来仔细评估加入这种决定对军队战备以及杀伤力造成的影响。”
The delay was negotiated after the chiefs of the army, navy, air force and marine corps requested more time to prepare for the recruitment of transgender service members. Reports have suggested the joint chiefs asked for an additional six months, while others wanted another two years. But there was no public indication that the joint chiefs were seeking an outright ban.
美国陆军、海军、空军以及海军陆战队参谋长要求花更多时间为招募跨性别服役人员作准备，之后商讨了延迟计划。据报告显示，联席参谋长们要求再延迟6个月，而其他人则想要再延迟两年。但并没有迹象表明他们想要彻底禁止招募跨性别人员。
Mattis was on vacation at the time of Trump’s announcement, signaling a lack of coordination between the White House and the relevant agencies.
特朗普宣布时，马蒂斯正在度假，这表明白宫和相关机构之间缺乏协调。
An administration official fueled speculation over the president’s motives by suggesting that the shift was a political
ploy
that would force Democrats facing re-election in states won by Trump into complex culture wars.
一名政府官员的表态使得公众更加揣测总统这样做的动机，该官员暗示称，这种转变是一种政治
策略
，它将迫使面临二次选举而又落败于特朗普的民主党员被卷入复杂的文化战争中。
ploy
[plɒɪ] n.策略；活动；工作
As a candidate, Trump cast himself as a supporter of LGBT rights and indicated he would uphold certain Obama-era policies designed to protect transgender people. But upon taking office, he rescinded his predecessor’s guidance requiring public schools to allow transgender students to use the bathroom of their choice.
竞选总统时，特朗普将自己定位为LGBT群体权利的支持者，并表明他将会支持某些奥巴马执政期间制订的保护跨性别者权益的政策。但他一执政，就取消了前总统要求公立学校允许跨性别学生自行选择卫生间的指令。
The president lifted the guidance in February, despite saying during his campaign that trans people should use “whatever bathroom they feel is appropriate”.
