日本高中校园：校舍设计的一种新方法

搜建筑 · 公众号 · · 2024-07-10 13:32

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三角形校舍创造了各种独特的场所--这是校舍设计的一种新方法。在设计校舍时，通常的做法是沿操场布置一排排教室，并用走廊将这些教室连接起来。自明治时代（1868-1912 年）日本建立现代学校制度并出现学校建筑以来，全国各地出现了许多此类建筑规划。然而，近年来多样化的教育需求催生了对不同类型校舍的需求。

A triangular school building creates various unique places—a new approach to school building design. When designing a school building, it is common practice to arrange rows of classrooms along a schoolyard and connect those rooms by corridors. Since the modern school system was established in the Meiji Era (1868-1912) and buildings categorized as school buildings emerged in Japan, many such building plans have been produced throughout the country. The diversifying educational needs in recent years, however, have given rise to circumstances where different types of school buildings are required.

北海道理科大学附属高中的新校舍代表了一种新型的学校规划，即在三角形建筑中布置矩形教室，以便利用教室之间的空间开展各种活动。由于三角形的几何特征，教室前的中间空间不可避免地会产生不同的面积和高度，这些空间的布置也各不相同。学生可以从各种中间空间（有时在楼梯之间或通过楼梯可以看到）和类似夹层的空间（有时被楼梯隐藏）中选择自己喜欢的地方，开始他们的志愿活动。这体现了学校 "自愿学习 "的教育理念。

The new school building of the Hokkaido University of Science High School represents a new type of school plan, where rectangular classrooms are laid out in a triangular building so that the spaces created between the classrooms can be used for various activities. In-between spaces in front of the classrooms, which are inevitably produced because of the geometrical characteristics of a triangle, vary in area and height, and those spaces are furnished in various ways. Students can choose the places they like from various in-between spaces, sometimes visible between or through the stairways, and mezzanine-like spaces, sometimes hidden by them, to start their voluntary activities. This embodies the school's concept of education, "Learn voluntarily."

结构设计的特点是三角形平面，包含矩形教室，形成由楼板相互连接的核心（抗震构件）。由于核心筒被设计成钢筋混凝土结构，而楼板则是空心楼板，因此在平面布局上，核心筒和楼板形成了一个可自由移动的三维空间。这种前所未有的空间利用方式为学生创造了偶遇和新发现的场所，培养了他们思考和创新的能力。

The structural design features a triangular plan containing rectangular classrooms to form cores (earthquake-resistant elements) interconnected by slabs. Since the cores are designed to be reinforced concrete structures and the slabs are void slabs, the cores and slabs laid out in the plan form a three-dimensional space allowing unrestricted movement. This unprecedented use of space creates places where students can have accidental encounters and make new discoveries to foster their ability to think and bring about innovations.

北海道理科大学附属高中尝试创建新型学校建筑。过去，我们也曾进行过其他尝试，以提出创新的学校规划。这些尝试对于学校建筑设计来说是最基本、最重要的，也是我们应该继续走下去的道路。

Hokkaido University of Science High School attempts to create a new type of school building architecture. Other attempts have been made in the past to come up with innovative school plans. Such attempts are most fundamental to and important for school building design and are a road that we should continue down.