国际视野|美国人关注哪些GNSS热点？（中英文对照）

受难民危机启发，荷兰的创业公司艾薇一直在努力研发大负荷长时间工作的无人机，以便探测到处于困境的人们，如果需要，还可投递救生衣，食品和药物。救生无人机能够从船上或岸上起飞，携带的巨大可展开救生浮标不仅能让难民攀住漂浮，还可以向附近船只指示位置。

Inspired by the refugee crisis, Dutch start-up Avy has been workingon robust,long-duration drones capable of detecting people in distress and, ifnecessary, dropping life jackets, life buoys, food and medicine. The rescuedrone can take off from a boat or the shore, carrying among other items, acylinder that contains a large deployable rescue buoy, which not only can keeprefugees afloat but indicates its location to boats in the vicinity.

艾薇救援是专门在紧急情况下执行救生任务和救灾管理的机构。为了便于在需要救援的情况下操作，无人机拥有强大而完整的传感器和通信包，以及坚固的结构和操作的灵活性。该公司当前基于在诺德韦克欧洲航天局的商业孵化中心，接收技术与商业信息。

The Avy Rescue is especially tailored tooperate in emergency conditions for performing life-saving missions in supportof search and rescue and for the management of disaster relief. In order tooperate in these demanding scenarios, the drone possesses a powerful andcomplete sensor and communication packageas well as a sturdy construction andoperational flexibility, according to the company.The company is currentlybased at ESA’s Business Incubation Centre in Noordwijk, receiving technical andbusiness advice.

在中国共享自行车并不是新事物，但中国的新兴公司——包括引领者如Mobike和Ofo——彻底改造它的概念使其更加实效，这类服务变得越来越受大众欢迎。步行者可以打开他们的手机在附近找到自行车，开锁，跳上去，到达目的地后付这次钱即可。

Bike-sharing is not new in China, but Chinese startups — includingleaders like Mobike and Ofo — have reinvented the concept to make it even more efficient andthese services have become very popular. The premise is simple: pedestrianslooking for a ride can open their smartphones, unlock a bike parked nearby, hopon, and pay a fee once they arrive at their destination.

这些共享自行车公司允许他们的自行车在城市里随意停，因为工程师开发了基于GPS的应用程序，可以让人们找到附近的自行车，收费按照自行车使用的时间来计算。许多人使用共享自行车来代替地铁和步行。

These bike-sharing startups allow theirvehicles to be placed anywhere in the city as engineers have developedGPS-based apps that allow people to find nearby bikes, and charge based on howmuch time riders spend on them. Many people have taken up bike-sharing as areplacement for the subway, or even walking.

一些用来启动这些服务的技术现在正在被执行，以提高效率同时通过GPS跟踪服务来鼓励骑车人承担责任。共享单车服务包括一个更新的刹车框，包含一个机械锁，APP应用程序中兼容的GPS系统，可以让程序使用者在3秒内锁定/解锁单车。

Some of the same technologies used to startup these services are now being implemented to improve efficiency as well asfight off user abuse by using GPS tracking services to encourage riderresponsibility. One bike-sharing service now includes an updated brake box thatcontains a mechanical lock compatible with the integrated GPS system in theupdated app, allowing app users to lock/unlock the bicycle under three seconds.

货车运输业承运了国内大部分货物，是美国经济的重要支撑。位于加利福尼亚的创业公司星空机器人正致力于研究新的技术，能使卡车在公路上自主行驶，司机只需在出发和终点处1英里远程控制。此计划利用GPS和导航技术使公路行车更加安全，而司机可以离家更近。星空机器人致力于自动驾驶的同时也考虑到司机的就业率和生活品质。

Trucking is the backbone of the American economy, moving a majorityof freight. California-based startup Starsky Robotics is working to make trucksautonomous on the highway and remote controlled by drivers for the first andlast mile. The plan is for these trucks to take advantage of the evolving GPSand navigation technologies to make roads safer while giving drivers meaningfulwork close to their homes and families. Starsky Robotics is approaching theautonomous space with an eye on keeping drivers employed and improving theirlives.

星空公司并非要发展一种使司机完全离开车辆的自动驾驶技术，相反，它宣称这些改进能保持司机的就业率。目前他们正在密歇根、内华达和佛罗里达测试车辆，测试时司机仍在驾驶室，但是公司希望后面的测试中不再需要司机。一辆载有5000磅货物的卡车在140英里的行程中已经自主驾驶了120英里，它也在无司机的情况下在本地场地中成功进行了拖车测试。星空还希望利用符合卡车购买商和制造商口味的技术对市场产生影响。

Starsky is not building a self-drivingtruck that removes the driver from the vehicle altogether. Instead, it isbuilding a retrofit kit that it said will keep drivers employed, just not inthe truck. Currently they’re testing vehicles in Michigan, Nevada and Floridawith drivers in the cab, but the company hopes to remove drivers from the cabduring testing later this year. A vehicle has already moved a 5,000-pound load140 miles, with 120 of those miles driven autonomously. It has also been testedsuccessfully in a local yard moving trailers without a driver in the vehicle.Starsky’s tech is also looking to make an impact now, by using components andtechniques that are currently available at prices which are palatable to truckpurchasers and manufacturers.

2017年5月20日，方程式E巴黎国际汽车大奖赛在赛道上展示了自动驾驶机器人汽车，这是巴黎首辆无人驾驶汽车。无人驾驶竞赛汽车在法国首都的Les Invalides为民众进行了一场展示，它的自主性能在粉丝中引起了轰动。在展示中，人们目睹了无人驾驶汽车成功绕过1.9公里环路上的14个转弯，这一切都是靠自主行驶软件完成的。

 Roborace showed off its self-driving Robocar on the city streets ofFormula E’s Paris ePrix on May 20, 2017. The Robocar is the first driverlesscar on the streets of Paris. The driverless race car performed a demonstrationfor the crowds at Les Invalides in the French capital and wowed the fans with asuccessful showcase of its autonomous capabilities. The demonstration saw thecar negotiate its way around 14 turns of the 1.9-kilometer circuit without ahuman in the vehicle entirely self-driven by autonomous software.

这辆机器人汽车由未来派汽车设计师Daniel Simon设计，他为好莱坞流行科幻电影设计车辆，包括《创：战纪》和《遗落战境》。这辆车重1吨，长4.8米，高2米，有4个功率达到300千瓦的马达，一块540千瓦的电池，时速能超过200英里每小时。它使用了一系列技术提升性能，包括5个激光雷达，2个雷达，18个超音速传感器，2个光速传感器，6个人工智能照相机，GNSS定位，以及英伟达DrivePX2自动驾驶平台，嵌入软件工程师的复杂算法后每秒能够进行2.4千亿次人工智能操作。机器人竞赛的开放人工智能平台允许公司开发自己的无人驾驶软件并在极端和安全的环境中推进极限。一系列比赛被设计成智力竞赛，所有团队都使用相同的机器人汽车，从而保证把精力都集中在优化软件上。

The Robocar is designed by Daniel Simon,the automotive futurist who creates vehicles for Hollywood sci-fi blockbustersincluding Tron Legacy and Oblivion, It weighs 1000 kilograms and measures 4.8meters long and 2 meters wide. It has four motors of 300 kilowatts each, a 540killowatt battery and is capable of speeds more than 200 mph. The car uses anumber of technologies to “drive” itself including 5 LiDARs, 2 radars, 18ultrasonic sensors, 2 optical speed sensors, 6 AI cameras, GNSS positioning andis powered by Nvidia’s Drive PX2 brain, capable of up to 24 trillion A.I.operations per second to be programmed by teams’ software engineers usingcomplex algorithms, according to Roborace. Roborace’sopen A.I. platform allowscompanies to develop their own driverless software and push the limits in anextreme and safe environment. The series is designed to be a competition ofintelligence so all teams will use the same “Robocar” to ensure all effortswill be focussed on advancing the software for everyday road cars to adopt.