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it’s easy to see why the International Monetary Fund is among those pushing Macron’s plan as a key step on the road to more responsible debt management by Paris.
很容易理解为什么国际货币基金组织是马克龙计划的推进者之一，把这项计划作为巴黎朝着更负责任的债务管理迈出的关键一步。
1. see: to understand or realize something
Foods high in sugar and salt can be unhealthy, but these additives are too delicious for many of us to give up or reduce in a big way. What if we could somehow enjoy their taste without actually eating them? A student team has now designed a spoon with a structure that stimulates
taste buds
to produce a sensation of sweetness—without adding calories or chemicals. The project follows previous work involving flavor-enhancing
cutlery
, such as chopsticks that amplify saltiness with a mild electric current.
糖盐量高的食物并不健康，但这些添加剂味道太好了，我们很多人都无法放弃或大幅减少这些味道。如果我们不用真的吃到，就能享受到这些味道呢？一个学生团队现在设计了一种勺子，其结构可以刺激味蕾产生甜味，而不增加卡路里或化学物质的摄入。在该项目之前，人们曾研究过增味餐具，例如有一种筷子用温和的电流加强了咸味。
The five undergraduate and graduate research students wanted to develop their new spoon, called Sugarware, for people with disorders such as diabetes, which affects 11.3 percent of the U.S. population. Sugar is largely off the menu for many with the condition.
这五名本科生和研究生想要为患有糖尿病等疾病的患者开发一种名为“糖器”的新勺子，美国有11.3%的人患有糖尿病。
很多患有糖尿病的人，饮食清单上都不含糖。
The new spoon would have several bumps on its underside, creating a greater surface area to press against the tongue. The bumps can be covered with a permanent layer of molecules called
ligands
. These ligands bind with taste-cell surface receptor proteins that typically react to sugar molecules or artificial sweeteners.
新勺子的底部会有几个凸起，产生了一个更大的表面来抵着舌头。这些凸起可以被一层名为配体的永久性分子覆盖着。这些配体与通常可以对糖分子或人工甜味剂起反应的味觉细胞表面受体蛋白结合。
The binding can trigger a cascade of nerve signals, causing the brain to register a sensation of sweetness.
A diner could thus “stimulate sweetness receptors ... without actual injection of sugar or artificial sweeteners,” the team explained during the 2022 Biodesign Sprint, an online educational competition in which researchers pitch ideas that can be turned into commercial realities.
Sugarware won its designers the runner-up spot in the student category.
这种结合可以触发一系列神经信号，使大脑产生甜味的感觉。
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“糖器”的设计师获得了学生组的亚军。
It remains to be seen whether flavor-enhancing
utensils
will catch on. But if you want to play around with cutlery and flavor right now, you don’t need specially designed forks or knives. Previous research shows that the weight, color and shape of normal utensils can change how we perceive food’s taste.
调味器具是否会流行起来还有待观察。但如果你现在就想用刀叉来增加风味，你不需要使用经过特别设计的刀叉。之前的研究表明，普通餐具的重量、颜色和形状会改变我们对食物味道的感知方式。
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2023.01.09
作者：Saugat Bolakhe
原文标题：Flavor-Enhancing Spoons and Chopsticks Could Make Food Taste Better
/ˈkʌtlərɪ/
n. 餐具(刀、叉和匙); 刀具
