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If stepping up translates for some managers as a feeling of stepping down,
better understanding and preparing for this transition
may help avoid
the potentially costly consequences of disenchantment.
如果对一些管理者来说，升职反而感觉像降职，那么更好地理解这种转变并为之做好准备，可能有助于避免因幻想破灭而带来潜在的代价高昂的后果。
1.disenchantment: no longer feeling enthusiasm for sb/sth; not believing sth is good or worth doing
在与人交谈时把握分寸十分重要，什么时候该结束一段对话，结束时应该说些什么内容？语言学家和社会学家发现这其中涉及到非常有趣的心理问题。
Mastroianni and his colleagues found that only 2 percent of conversations ended at the time both parties desired, and only 30 percent of them finished when one of the pair wanted them to. In about half of the conversations, both people wanted to talk less, but their
cutoff
point was usually different. Participants in both studies reported, on average, that the desired length of their conversation was about half of its actual length.
马斯楚安尼和他的同事们发现，只有2%的交谈是在双方都有意结束时终止的，只有30%是在其中一方有意愿时结束。在大约一半的谈话中，两个人都想少说一些话，但他们说话的终结点通常是不同的。两项研究的受试者表示，平均而言，他们期望的谈话时长大约是实际时长的一半。
To the researchers’ surprise, they also found that it is not always the case that people are held
hostage
by talks: In 10 percent of conversations, both study participants wished their exchange had lasted longer. And in about 31 percent of the interactions between strangers, at least one of the two wanted to continue.
令研究人员惊讶的是，他们还发现人们并不总是被谈话所裹挟：在10%的交谈中，受试者双方都希望他们的交流能持续更长时间。而在约31%的陌生人之间的交流中，两人中至少有一人希望对话继续。大多数人也无法凭直觉判断对方的交谈意愿。当受试者猜测他们的伙伴什么时候想结束交谈时，他们的猜测误差大约是整个谈话长度的64%。
Most people also
failed at
intuiting
their partner’s desires. When participants guessed at when their partner had wanted to stop talking, they were off by about 64 percent of the total conversation length.
大多数人也无法凭直觉判断对方的交谈意愿。当受试者猜测他们的伙伴什么时候想结束交谈时，他们的猜测误差大约是整个谈话长度的64%。
Nicholas Epley, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago, who was not on the research team, wonders what would happen if most conversations ended exactly when we wanted them to. “How many new insights, novel
perspectives
or interesting facts of life have we missed because we avoided a longer or deeper conversation that we might have had with another person?” he asks.
尼古拉斯·埃普利是芝加哥大学的一名行为科学家，他不是上述研究小组的成员。他在想，如果大多数对话都在双方希望的时间结束，会发生什么。“如果我们避免和另一个人进行更长、更深入的对话，我们会因此错过多少对生活的新见解、新视角或趣事？””他问道。
While this cannot be determined in the countless exchanges of everyday life, scientists can design an experiment in which talks either end at precisely the point when a participant first wants to stop or continue for some point beyond.
“Do those whose conversations end just when they want them to actually
end up
with better conversations than those that last longer?” Epley asks. “I don’t know, but I’d love to see the results of that experiment.”
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
“那些按照他们的意愿结束谈话的人，与那些持续时间长的人相比，谈话质量是否更高?””爱普雷问道。“我不知道，但我很想看看这个实验的结果。”
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2021.03.01
作者：Rachel Nuwer
原文标题：People Literally Don’t Know When to Shut Up—or Keep Talking—Science Confirms
