【经济学人】本周要点回顾|2016.12.13|总第739期

After months of haggling OPEC members agreed to the first cut in oil production in eight years. Non-OPEC members are expected to chip in with a cut of their own. Iran, which had been reluctant to reduce output so soon after returning to international markets, agreed to a token increase. The deal will reduce global production by almost 2%. Oil prices jumped in response. See article.

历经数月的讨论后，OPEC（石油输出国组织）成员国最终达成一致，同意在未来8年内实行石油的首次减产。非OPEC成员国预计也会减少其石油产量。伊朗拒绝在回归国际市场后不久后减少油产，同意只象征性地增加石油产量。此协议将使全球石油产量降低近2%。油价也会随之攀升。见文章。

Property bubbling

房地产泡沫

The Case-Shiller national index of home prices in America rose to a new peak in September, climbing 0.1% above the previous peak reached in July 2006, before the bust in the housing market (adjusted for inflation, the index is still 16% below that mark). The index increased by 5.5% in the 12 months to September, helped by buoyant markets in Dallas, Denver, Portland and Seattle. But house prices in cities in the forefront of the previous boom, such as Las Vegas, Miami and Phoenix, remain well below their all-time highs.

凯斯-席勒全国房价指数于9月份达到一个新高峰，这比2006年7月份房地产市场（已通过通货膨胀调整，但是当时的指数任低于基准线16个百分点）萧条之前出现的上一个高峰值高出0.1%。受达拉斯、丹佛、波特兰和西雅格等地区活跃的房地产市场的影响，该指数在直到九月份的过去12个月内增长了5.5%，直到9月份。但走在上一次经济繁荣最前列的城市，比如拉斯维加斯、迈阿密和菲尼克斯，它们的房价仍远低于之前的最高记录值。

• Bust: 破产、倒闭

房地产价格走势

The OECD gave the thumbs up to Donald Trump’s plan to boost infrastructure spending, saying it would boost America’s economy, which is projected to grow by 2.3% next year, well above the 1.5% forecast for this year. But the organisation also warned that “an increase in protectionism could risk impairing already weak growth in global trade”.

OECD（经济合作与发展组织）对唐纳德特朗普增加基础设施开支的计划大加赞许，称之会大大提升美国的经济水平，预计其明年经济增长速度为2.3%，远高于今年预测的1.5%。但同时经合组织同时也发出警告：“保护主义的势力壮大，可能会进一步削弱已经低迷的国际贸易。”

Meanwhile, America’s economic growth rate in the third quarter was revised to an annualised 3.2%, up from an initial estimate of 2.9%. Consumer spending was stronger than had been thought. Rising workers’ incomes also helped.

同时，美国第三季度的年度经济增长率已从初始预计的2.9%，更改为3.2%。消费性开支比预想的要更高。同时劳动者工资收入的提高也促进了经济的增长。

Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England, warned about the increasing level of household debt in Britain. The debt-to-income ratio is the highest since 2013. Unsecured debt accounts for a bigger chunk of this. The share of high loan-to-value mortgages (those greater than 90%) has nearly doubled since 2012. Over that same four-year period outstanding credit-card loans rose by £10bn ($15bn), hitting £66bn in October.

英格兰银行行长Mark Carney发出警告说，英国目前家庭负债呈上升状态。负债收入比达到自2013年以来的最高值。在所有家庭债务中，无担保债务占据了绝大部分比例。而贷款价值比例较高的（大于90%）按揭抵押贷款自2012年以来几乎翻了一倍。而在同样的4年内，未偿还的信用卡贷款额增加了100亿英镑（150亿美元），于10月份攀升至660亿英镑。

A suspected cyber-attack caused almost 1m customers of Deutsche Telekom to lose their broadband connection. Hackers are thought to have targeted households’ internet routers with a software virus that disrupted their service. The code for the virus has been used before in other attacks on devices that retain the same passwords issued by their manufacturers.

一次可疑的网络攻击阻断了100万名德国电信客户的宽带连接。据猜测，黑客将目标对准了家用路由器为目标，利用软件病毒干扰服务信号。该病毒代码在以往针对那些保留着出厂密码设置设备的攻击中被黑客使用过。

Split personalities

多重人格/人格分裂

The European Court of Justice began hearing legal arguments about whether Uber is a transportation firm or a digital service. The closely watched case has been taken to the EU’s highest court by Barcelona’s established taxi drivers, who, like taxi drivers the world over, complain that Uber has muscled into their market by circumventing local transport regulations. Uber says it is an “information-society services provider”.