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Higher reported media multitasking
correlated with
a tendency toward attentional lapses and decreased pupil diameter,
a known marker of reduced attention.
报告的媒体多任务处理程度越高，走神和瞳孔直径减小的趋势越强，瞳孔直径减小是公认的注意力降低的标志。
句子里的reported media multitasking可以表示“受访者自我报告媒体多任务处理情况”，也可以是“研究人员记录受访者的情况后得出的结果”。
a known marker of ...是对decreased pupil diameter的解释说明
1.lapse 小错；(尤指)记错,过失,疏忽，a small mistake, especially that is caused by forgetting sth or by being careless
2.pupil 瞳孔；眸子；瞳人 the small round black area at the centre of the eye
英国伦敦帝国理工学院的科学家,这两天宣布他们将会在明年年初,召集愿意主动感染新冠病毒的志愿者来做疫苗实验。
Young, healthy people will be intentionally exposed to the virus responsible for COVID-19 in a first-of-its kind ‘human challenge trial’, the UK government and a company that runs such studies announced on 20 October.
英国政府和一家开展此类研究的公司10月20日宣布，在一项首创的 "人体挑战试验 "中，会将年轻、健康的人将故意地接触导致新冠疫情的病毒。
The experiment,
set to
begin in January in a London hospital if it receives final regulatory and ethical approval, aims to accelerate the development of vaccines that could end the pandemic.
如果获得监管和伦理方面的最终批准，这项实验将于明年1月在伦敦的一家医院展开。实验的目的是加速疫苗的研发，从而终结这场疫情。
Human challenge trials have a history of providing insight into diseases such as
malaria
and
influenza
. The UK trial will try to identify a suitable dose of the virus SARS-CoV-2 that could be used in future vaccine trials. But the prospect of deliberately infecting people—even those at low risk of severe disease—with SARS-CoV-2, a deadly
pathogen
that has few proven treatments, is
uncharted
medical and bioethical territory.
人类挑战试验在深入了解疟疾和流感等疾病方面有着悠久的历史。英国的试验将试图确定可用于未来的疫苗试验的SARS-CoV-2的合适剂量。但是，故意让人们感染SARS-CoV-2这种几乎没有什么经证实的疗法的致命病原体——甚至去感染那些患严重疾病的低风险人群——将要面临的是未知的医学和生物伦理领域。
Proponents
of COVID-19 challenge trials have argued that they can be run safely and ethically, and that their potential to quickly identify effective vaccines outweighs the low risks to participants.
But others have raised questions about the safety and value of these studies,
pointing out
that large-scale efficacy trials involving tens of thousands of people are expected to deliver results on several COVID-19 vaccines soon.
但也有人对这些研究的安全性和价值提出质疑，指出涉及数万人的大规模药效试验预计很快就会对几种新冠疫苗（的药效）给出结果。
本文节选自：Scientific America（科学美国人）
发布时间：2020.10.21
作者：Ewen Callaway
原文标题：Human Challenge Trials Will Deliberately Infect Dozens in the U.K.
1.
malaria
-
英 /mə'leərɪə/美/mə'lɛrɪə/
-
n. 疟疾；瘴气
