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【关于外刊阅读里的生词要不要全部掌握的问题】：
某些专业词汇、专有词汇因为极少出现，所以不必专门积累，而一些在日常交流中会涉及到的生词，可以有意识地背记，一次记不住也没有关系，阅读多了之后你会发现这些词会反复出现，自然而然地就记住啦
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As blood passes through an oxygen-rich environment like the lungs,
the iron atoms
in hemoglobin
bind to
oxygen atoms.
当血液流经像肺部这样的富氧环境时，血红蛋白中的铁原子会与氧原子结合。
现如今，美国白人家庭的平均财富是黑人家庭的7倍。自民权运动开始的半个世纪里，尽管出现了一波反对工作、住房和其他经济领域种族歧视的法律浪潮，但这种差距仍在扩大。
The
chasm
begins with slavery, which was a huge generator of wealth for White Americans. Slavery drove the
cotton
economy, which enriched not just the growers but everyone from banks to shopkeepers to insurers. In 2000, economist Robert S. Browne calculated that the income produced by enslaved people for their White owners prior to 1860 was between $1.4 trillion and $4.7 trillion in modern money.
贫富差距的鸿沟始于为美国白人创造了巨大财富的奴隶制。奴隶制推动了棉花经济的发展，不仅使种植者富裕起来，而且使银行、店主到保险公司的所有人都富裕起来。2000年，经济学家罗伯特·s·布朗计算出，1860年以前，奴隶为白人奴隶主创造的收入按现代货币计算，在1.4万亿美元到4.7万亿美元之间。
In 1865, at the conclusion of the Civil War that ended slavery, freed slaves were promised 40 acres (16 hectares) of land to build an economic future for themselves. But the government
reneged on
the deal, and Black Americans started their freed lives empty-handed. By some estimates that land would have been worth as much as $3.1 trillion today.
1865年，结束奴隶制的美国内战结束后，获得自由的奴隶被许诺可以得到40英亩(16公顷)的土地，来为自己未来的经济打基础。但是政府食言了，美国黑人们两手空空地开始了他们自由的生活。据估计，当时的土地价值相当于现在的3.1万亿美元。
Just as freed slaves were being denied the land promised them, the U.S. government provided a wealth-building stimulus that overwhelmingly benefited White Americans. The Homestead Acts of the 1860s were meant to help settle the American west. Black people weren’t excluded, but few had the resources to migrate, clear land and set up farms.
就像被解放的奴隶被剥夺了获得土地的权利一样，美国政府提供了一项财富积累的刺激计划，对美国白人格外有利。19世纪60年代的《宅地法》旨在稳定美国西部地区。黑人没有被排除在外，但很少人有财力迁居，清理土地，建立农场。
It’s estimated that about 15% of Americans today are descendants of the mostly White, original homesteaders, who were granted 270 million acres of land, a 10th of the country’s area, mostly seized from Native Americans.
What little wealth Black families were able to build after the Civil War was often violently destroyed. In a massacre in 1921,
mobs
and police officers in Tulsa, Oklahoma burned down what was then known as Black Wall Street,
obliterating
$200 million in homes and businesses and displacing 10,000 Black residents. This was just the most egregious of many such incidents. For example, there were an estimated 16 similar massacres in 1910, and more than 30 in 1920.
黑人家庭在内战后所积累的那一点点财富往往被暴力摧毁。在1921年的一场大屠杀中，俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨的暴徒和警察烧毁了当时被称为“黑人华尔街”的地方，烧毁了价值2亿美元的房屋和商店，并导致1万名黑人居民流离失所。这只是许多此类事件中最令人震惊的一件。例如，1910年估计类似的大屠杀发生了16起，1920年有30多起。
本文节选自：Bloomberg（彭博社）
发布时间：2021.05.24
作者：Catarina Saraiva
