iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？

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作者：Jack_lin

原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/27e57922232b

写在前面

APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事。

那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:

1. 在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；

2. 告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；

3. 在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；

4. 在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。
   

上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。

权限分类

• 联网权限

• 相册权限

• 相机、麦克风权限

• 定位权限

• 推送权限

• 通讯录权限

• 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

• 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony；

• 应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];

cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){

//获取联网状态

switch (state) {

case kCTCellularDataRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricrted");

break;

case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:

NSLog(@"Not Restricted");

break;

case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:

NSLog(@"Unknown");

break;

default:

break;

};

};

• 查询应用是否有联网功能

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];

CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;

switch (state) {

case kCTCellularDataRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricrted");

break;

case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:

NSLog(@"Not Restricted");

break;

case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:

NSLog(@"Unknown");

break;

default:

break;

}

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

• 导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;

• 检查是否有相册权限

ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];

switch (status) {

case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:

NSLog(@"Authorized");

break;

case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied");

break;

case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

• 导入头文件@import Photos;

• 检查是否有相册权限

PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];

switch (photoAuthorStatus) {

case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:

NSLog(@"Authorized");

break;

case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied");

break;

case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

• ![Uploading 144446-b8aca7ba38c5f8c0_695906.png . . .]获取相册权限

[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {

if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {

NSLog(@"Authorized");

}else{

NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");

}

}];

相机和麦克风权限

• 导入头文件@import AVFoundation;

• 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限

AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限

switch (AVstatus) {

case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:

NSLog(@"Authorized");

break;

case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied");

break;

case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

• 获取相机或麦克风权限

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限  if (granted) {      NSLog(@"Authorized");  }else{      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");  } }];[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限  if (granted) {      NSLog(@"Authorized");  }else{      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");  } }];

定位权限

• 导入头文件@import CoreLocation;

• 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

  
  

• 检查是否有定位权限

BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];

if (!isLocation) {

NSLog(@"not turn on the location");

}

CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];

switch (CLstatus) {

case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:

NSLog(@"Always Authorized");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:

NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

• 获取定位权限
  

CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];

[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息

[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

• 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{

switch (status) {

case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:

NSLog(@"Always Authorized");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:

NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

}

推送权限

• 检查是否有通讯权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];

switch (settings.types) {

case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:

NSLog(@"None");

break;

case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:

NSLog(@"Alert Notification");

break;

case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:

NSLog(@"Badge Notification");

break;

case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:

NSLog(@"sound Notification'");

break;

default:

break;

}

• 获取推送权限

  
  

UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

• 导入头文件 @import AddressBook;

• 检查是否有通讯录权限

ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();

switch (ABstatus) {

case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:

NSLog(@"Authorized");

break;

case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied'");

break;

case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

• 获取通讯录权限

  
  

ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);

ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {

if (granted) {

NSLog(@"Authorized");

CFRelease(addressBook);

}else{

NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");

}

});

日历、备忘录权限

• 导入头文件

• 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {

EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历

EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘

};

EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];

switch (EKstatus) {

case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:

NSLog(@"Authorized");

break;

case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:

NSLog(@"Denied'");

break;

case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:

NSLog(@"not Determined");

break;

case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:

NSLog(@"Restricted");

break;

default:

break;

}

• 获取日历或备忘录权限
  

EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];

[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {

if (granted) {

NSLog(@"Authorized");

}else{

NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");

}

}];

最后一点

素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];

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