# 写在前面
五一期间发生的广东高速坍塌事故,让人非常痛心。这周的外刊精读专栏,我选了美联社5月2日的一篇文章,并综合其他各大媒体的报道,带大家读一读。
# 标题
我们先来看标题:
A highway collapse in China kills 36 people and sends more than 20 cars down a steep slope
中国一高速公路坍塌,导致36人死亡,20多辆汽车掉落陡坡。
-
作者用了两个非常短小但非常有冲击力的动词描述这场惨剧的结果:
kills
36 people
sends
more than 20 cars down a steep slope
基本主流外媒都用的是
kill
这个词:
-
collapse
就是突然「倒塌,坍塌」的意思,如下图👇。
collapse
既可以作名词,也可以作动词,标题处的collapse为名词,
A highway collapse
指「高速公路的坍塌」。
-
BBC用的是
crumble
这个词:
Thirty others were taken to hospital after a 17.9m (58 feet) stretch of the Meilong expressway
crumbled
at 02:10 local time (19:10 BST) on Wednesday.
当地时间周三凌晨2:10(英国夏令时19:10),梅陇高速公路一段 17.9 米(58 英尺)的路段发生塌方,另有 30 人被送往医院。
crumble
[ˈkrʌm.bl ̩] 这个词我们可以和
crumb
联系起来记忆。
crumb
是「面包屑,面包渣」的意思👇
crumble
为动词,碎成渣,可表示建筑物的「坍塌,损坏,崩裂」。
-
crumble
也可比喻抽象意义上的「崩溃,瓦解,消亡」
(If something such as a system, relationship, or hope crumbles, it comes to an end)
。
我们在
豆瓣9.1,听说这是2023年最火的韩剧?
就遇见过这个词:
As Sa-ra and Yeon-jin deal with the aftermath of their
crumbling
reputations, Dong-eun learns the details behind Yeo-jeong's private struggles.
李莎拉和妍珍面对名声扫地的麻烦事,东恩得知周汝正私下苦苦挣扎的内情。
这里crumbling为现在分词作前置定语,修饰reputation,one's crumbling reputation 某人崩坏的名誉,即「某人的名声扫地」。
-
Your company is crumbling.
Our institutions are crumbling.
Their campaign mounts in fury as a free Europe crumbles.
-
steep
为形容词,指「陡峭的」。
-
slope
指「斜坡」,连起来
a steep slope
便指「陡坡」。
-
再补充一下,
steep
作形容词,还可表示「大幅度,急剧」。
比如:房价的急剧上涨:
a steep increase in house prices
-
steep
还可形容价格、收
费「过高的,不合理的
」
(If you say that the price of something
is steep, you mean that it is expensive)
。
-
比如:
steep rents
昂贵的租金
steep fines
高额的罚款
注意
steep
是形容东西的价格,而
expensive
是形容东西本身,用个公式来表示:The price of sth is steep. = sth is expensive.
举个例子:
The price of dental care
is steep.
=
Dental care
is expensive.
我们再来看个例子,电影《纽约的一个雨天》里有这样一句话:
I know what's you are thinking. Five hundred seems pretty steep.
-
send sth+prep. / adv.
指「使...向某个方向移动」。
标题里的
sends more than 20 cars down a steep slope
便指「让20多辆车掉落陡坡」。
我们再来看几个例子:
The blaze
sent
smoke
over
much of the city.
大火产生的浓烟扩散到市内的很多地区。
The slight back and forth motion
sent
a pounding surge of pain
into
his skull.
轻微的前后晃动让他的脑袋感到一阵剧烈的疼痛。
# 01
A section of
a highway collapsed after
heavy rains
in
a mountainous area
in southern China,
sending
cars
tumbling down a slope
and
leaving
at least 36 people dead, authorities said Thursday.
周四,当局表示,连续降雨之后,
中国南部山区
一段高速公路突然坍塌,导致多辆汽车掉落山坡,造成至少 36 人死亡。
-
a section of sth
指「...的一部分」。还有的外媒用的是
a portion of sth
指「...的一部分」。
-
-
细心的同学会发现原文用的是
rains
,为什么要加s呢?大家注意
a rain
,
rains
,
the rains
的区别:
a rain
指「一阵雨」,
rains
指「几阵雨」。
the rains
指热带地区的「雨季」。
《南华早报》一篇关于郑州暴雨的文章也用的是
heavy rains
这个词:
-
除了
heavy rain
,我们还可以说
torrential rainfall
,表示「倾盆大雨」。
-
torrential
这个词来自名词
torrent
激流,比
heavy rain
程度更深。
我们在
河南暴雨,外媒用了这些词!
这篇文章就遇见过这个词:
Days of
torrential rain
and massive flooding have hit China’s Henan province, bursting the banks of rivers, overwhelming dams and the public transport system and upending the lives of tens of millions.
中国河南省连日强降雨,暴发大规模洪灾,冲垮河岸、水坝及公共交通系统,数以千万计民众受灾。
-
mountainous
由mountain和-ous构成,指「多山的」。
a mountainous area
即「山区」。
「山区的孩子」,用英文说便是:
children in mountainous areas / regions
。
-
顺便提一下BBC在描述事故现场时用到的一个词:
forested
。
forest
指「森林」大家都认识。
forested
是形容词形式,指「满是森林的,林木覆盖的」。
BBC原文是这样写的:
Images on state media showed a massive gash in the forested mountainside below the highway.
官媒的照片显示,高速公路下方森林覆盖的山坡上有一道巨大的裂口。
-
send
这个小词儿大家留意一下。
send
这里不是「送」的意思,而是用来表示「使...做某事」
(to
cause
someone or something to do a particular thing, or to cause something to happen)
,有时可以替换
cause sb to do sth
。
-
常见的搭配为
send sb / sth to / into sth
,
send sb / sth +adj.
,
send s
b / sth doing sth
。
文中
sending cars tu
mbling down a slope
便是send sb / sth doing sth结构,指「让多辆汽车掉落山坡」。
Watching television always
sends
me
to
sleep.
看电视总会让我睡着。
All the publicity nearly
sent
him
crazy
.
成天生活在公众的注意之下让他差一点发疯了。
The announcement of the fall in profits
sent
the company's share price
plummeting
.
利润下降的公告使公司的股价大幅下跌。
The draught from the fan
sent
papers
flying
all over the
room
.
电扇的风吹得文件满屋乱飞。
再比如,《经济学人》一篇报道第二波疫情让欧洲再次陷入封城状态的文章,标题是这样写的:
A second wave of covid-19
sends
much of Europe
back into lockdown.
这些平平无奇的小学生词汇,大家要格外留意,平时多积累,用好了会让你的作文非常自然、地道。
[写作推荐]
-
-
CNN用的是
plunge
这个词,指「冲下,跳入,投入」。
Independent 用的是
crash down
,指「坠落」。
因而
tumble
,
plunge
,
crash
这三个词,都可表示「暴跌,骤降」。
我们来看几个《经济学人》里的例子:
At the same time, robot prices
have tumbled.
与此同时,机器人的价格已经大大降低。
But he estimates that at American firms focused on exports profits
plunged
by over 14%, whereas those companies more reliant on the domestic market suffered a drop of less than 9%.
但他还估计,主打出口的美国公司利润下降超过14%,而那些更依赖国内市场的公司利润下降不到9%。
Even as homebuyer demand
crashed
during the global financial crisis, demand from residential tenants did not waver.
即使在全球金融危机期间购房需求大幅下降之时,租房需求也并未动摇。
-
leave ... people dead
指「导致多少人死亡」。
leave ... people injured
指「导致多少人受伤」。这两者经常连用:
sth left ... people dead, ... injured.
...造成几死几伤。
-
leave sb / sth adj. / prep. / doing sth / done / to do sth
指「让...处于...状态」,常用于引出结果或影响。
比如《南华早报》一篇关于直播带货的文章这样写道:
Covid-19 paralyzed the country,
leaving
many industries struggling. But not live streaming.
新冠疫情使全国停摆,很多行业举步维艰,但直播却安然无恙。
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于终生学习的文章有这样一句话:
Self-employment is spreading,
leaving
more people to take responsibility for their own skills.
自雇人群正在增多,令更多的人要为自己的技能负责。
我们再联系ChatGPT话题造个句:
Certain specializations might get wiped out,
leaving
thousands of call-center operators or marketing workers
unemployed
.
某些专业可能会因此被抹去,成千上万客服中心接线员或销售人员或将卷铺盖走人。
[写作推荐]
The Meizhou city government said that 23 vehicles have been found after a 17.9-meter (58.7-foot) long section of the highway
gave way
about 2 a.m. on Wednesday. Thirty other people
had injuries
, none of them
life-threatening
, a government statement said.
梅州市政府称,周三凌晨2点左右,公路上一段17.9米(58.7英尺)长的路段发生塌方,目前已发现23辆车。政府公告称,另有 30 人受伤,均无生命危险。
-
我们也可以说
sb is injure
d
某人受伤,
sth injured sb
某事故使某人受伤
life-threatening
是个由threaten one's life合成的形容词, 指「致命的,威胁生命的」。
这句话中的none of them life-threatening从语法上说是一个
独立主格结构
,由代词none of them 和形容词
life-threatening构成。
them 指代前面提到的injuries。
中间加上be动词就可以写成一个完整的句子:
Thirty other people had injuries.
None of them was life-threatening.
这个语法点我们在长难句班系统讲过,这里就不再赘述了,给大家
看一个类似结构的例子:
Word's got around, not many of them good.
这句话中的
not many of them good同样是个独立主格结构,由代词not many of them 和good构成,把后半句单独写成一句话便是:
Not many of them are good.
-
give way
和
collapse
一样,表示「坍塌,倒塌,塌陷」
(to break because of too much weight or pressure )
。
比如:
The floor’s rotten and likely to
give way
.
地板烂了,可能会塌。
The pillars
gave way
and a section of the roof collapsed.
这些立柱坍塌了,一部分屋顶坠落下来。
The search effort
was complicated by
steady rain, gravel and soil coming down at the site,
posing some risk to
the workers, a fire department official told Chinese media.
消防救援人员告诉中国媒体,现场持续性降雨以及大量碎石和土方滑落导致救援工作更加复杂,
给救援人员造成一定风险。
-
the searc
h effort
指「搜救工作,搜救行动」。
-
effort
这里指「行动,工作」
( work that people do to achieve something in a particular situation)
。
再举几个例子:
the fundraising effort
筹款活动
the international relief effort
国际赈济行动
Everyone did what they could to support the war effort.
人人都尽力支持那次战争行动。
-
complicate
这里是动词,
complicate sth