凛冬已至，群狼出动，人类世界与“异鬼”大军艰难鏖战之后，谁能登上王座，一统七国？
谁会是这场权力游戏的最终赢家？
译者：
谢晓羽
校对：
武守晗
策划：刘 璠
本文选自 BBC
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Game of Thrones: Who is the true heir?
《权力的游戏》：谁是铁王座的真正继承人？
Westeros and Great Britain may have more in common than you think
维斯特洛与大不列颠的相同之处超乎你的想象
The seventh season of fantasy TV drama Game of Thrones is hurtling to a close, and the burning question for fans right now is: "Who will inherit the Iron Throne?"
史诗奇幻剧《权力的游戏》第七季已接近尾声，那么问题来了：“谁将登上铁王座？”
The world of Westeros may be fictional, but its origins are far from imaginary. "Medieval Britain has played an enormous impact on the series," creator George RR Martin once said.
维斯特洛世界是虚构的，但其原型并非完全凭空想象。原著作者乔治•R.R.马丁曾表示“中世纪的英国对这部剧的创作影响巨大”。
What better way to determine the true ruler of the Seven Kingdoms than by using the rules that govern the British monarchy?
要分析谁将一统七大王国，参考英国君主制度最好不过了。
Who will win the Game of Thrones?
谁将登上铁王座？
We've compiled a list of
contenders
for the coveted Iron Throne and enlisted royal commentator Richard Fitzwilliams and medieval academics Prof Sarah Peverley and Dr Gordon McKelvie to weigh in on each candidate's chances.
本文列出了角逐铁王座的
候选人
，
并邀请王室评论员理查德•菲茨威廉，以及研究中世纪历史的萨拉•皮沃利教授和戈登•麦凯尔维博士一起分析各位候选人的获胜几率。
contender
[kən'tendər] n.a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win sth竞争者；角逐者；争夺者
Cersei Lannister and Queen Margaret have quite a lot in common
瑟曦•兰尼斯特与玛格丽特女王有诸多相似
Candidate 1: Cersei Lannister
候选人一：瑟曦•兰尼斯特
Born and bred in Westeros, Cersei is a devoted mother who married into royalty. Her late husband Robert Baratheon led a bloody rebellion and overthrew the ruling Targaryen dynasty.
瑟曦是土生土长的维斯特洛人，嫁入王室之后，成为了一名尽心尽责的母亲，其已故的丈夫劳伯•拜拉席恩曾通过簒夺者战争推翻了当时在位的坦格利安王朝。
Her children came from an
incestuous
relationship with her brother Jamie (both their sons became young kings).While plotting the deaths of her rivals, Cersei lost her three children but ascended to the throne.
但她的几个孩子都是与弟弟詹米
乱伦
所生，两个儿子先后登上了王位。瑟曦在密谋消除对手的同时，她的三个孩子都死于非命，最后她自己坐上了铁王座。
incestuous
[ɪn'sestʃuəs] adj.involving sex between two people in a family who are very closely related乱伦的
Incest has always been taboo - the Lannisters' incestuous relationship would be frowned upon
一直以来，乱伦都被列为禁忌——兰尼斯特的乱伦关系让人难以接受
Richard Fitzwilliams says: In Britain, an heir is determined by descent and parliamentary statute. Succession is also determined by the sequence of royal family members.
理查德•菲茨威廉：在英国，继承人是由血统和议会法律以及继承顺序决定的。
Cersei declared herself queen without any
legitimacy
. Her claim rests on two things: being Robert Baratheon's widow and the mother of two dead kings.
瑟曦称后毫无
法律
依
据
，而只是依赖于两个事实：她是国王劳伯•拜拉席恩的遗孀和两位已故国王的母亲。
legitimacy
[lə'dʒɪtəməsi] n.the fact that something is legal合法性；正统；正统性；嫡系
She resembles the villainous Margaret of Anjou, queen by marriage to the feeble King Henry VI. Margaret was also ruthless and highly influential.
瑟曦与历史上体弱多病的亨利六世的王后——玛格丽特•安茹一样心狠手辣，冷酷无情，但又位高权重。
Sarah Peverley says: Inheritance in the Seven Kingdoms is based on real medieval laws, often prone to contradictory interpretations.
萨拉•皮沃利：七大王国的继承关系是基于当时中世纪的法律，虽然对这些法律的阐释各执一词。
Generally speaking, the law of primogeniture seems to govern the Iron Throne, which females can claim in the event of no male heir. Or they can act until a young king comes of age, as Cersei attempted to do. But her current claim rests solely on the power she wields.
一般而言，铁王座沿用的是“长子继承法”，该法规定在无男性继承人的情况下，女性可以称后。或者女性可以代行王权直到年轻的国王长大成人，瑟曦便打算如此。但她现在称后仅仅是因为她大权在握。
Gordon McKelvie says: There have been plenty of unpopular queens with too much influence and power. Cersei seems to share their qualities.
戈登•麦凯尔维：历史上有众多不受欢迎但权势极大的王后，瑟曦亦是如此。
I can't think of any historical example where a king (with no children) dies and passes the crown to his mother. No one in medieval England made such a dramatic grab for power like Cersei did.
历史上似乎从未出现过尚无子嗣的国王去世后将王位传给自己母亲的情况。中世纪的英格兰也无人像瑟曦一样胆大妄为地摄取王位。
Her desire for the Iron Throne is well known, but is the dragon queen entitled to it?
龙妈对铁王座计日以俟，但真是实至名归吗？
Candidate 2: Daenerys Targaryen
候选人二：丹妮莉丝•坦格利安
The dragon queen's journey has been impressive, starting out as the daughter of Aerys Targaryen, the "Mad King" who was overthrown by Robert Baratheon. She went on to become an assertive ruler with a formidable army and dragons.
身为“疯王”伊利斯•坦格利安（其政权被劳伯•拜拉席恩推翻）的女儿，龙妈重夺王位的过程可谓历尽千辛万苦，最后逐渐成为一名拥有强大军队和飞龙的统治者。
Her ambition earned her the loyalty of many aides and allies. She fought to abolish slavery and now has her sights set on the Iron Throne, where she plans to end the vicious cycle of power politics.
她的雄心壮志赢得了众多有志之士的忠心和盟友。曾力争废除奴隶制的她现在也将目光放在铁王座之上，并打算结束残酷的权力政治更替。
Like any monarch, Daenerys isn't short of titles. "First of Her Name" and "Queen of the Andals" are some names she goes by.
与其他统治者一样，丹妮莉丝的头衔不一而足，例如“坦格利安一世”和“安达尔人的女王”。
Will she be able to avenge her family's name?
她能报家族之仇吗？
Game of Thrones was inspired by the Wars of the Roses, a civil war that wreaked great havoc in England
《权力的游戏》的创作灵感源于“玫瑰战争”，这场内战让英格兰陷入生灵涂炭之境。
Richard Fitzwilliams says: The Targaryens were the rightful rulers of Westeros before their dynasty was
usurped
. In this respect, Daenerys's claims certainly have validity, being in exile would not alter this.
理查德•菲茨威廉：在坦格利安王朝
被
推翻
之前，坦格利安家族是维斯特洛的法定统治者，就这一点而言，丹妮莉丝称后是有法律依据的，即使她被流放在外也无法改变。
usurp
[ju'zɜrp] vt to take sb's position and/or power without having the right to do this篡夺；侵权
For centuries, monarchy has favoured the precedence of males over females. In 2015, an act known as Succession to the Crown Bill came into force and this meant the eldest living child of a monarch succeeds, regardless of sex.
几个世纪以来，君主制度都是男性继承先于女性继承。2015年《王位继承法》生效后，才意味着君主年龄最大的在世的子嗣可以继承王位，无关性别。
This would have been good news for Daenerys, were it not for the possibility that her deceased older brother may have had a legitimate son.
这对于丹妮莉丝来说是个好消息，只要她已故的哥哥不会冒出一个儿子来。
Daenerys has the support of her dragon children. The dragon we have in the UK rests on the Welsh flag, first used by Henry Tudor at the 1485 Battle of Bosworth which saw the defeat of Richard III and ended the Wars of the Roses.
丹妮莉丝还有龙的支持。今天，我们在威尔士的国旗上还可以看到龙的标志，而这个标志可以追溯到亨利家族的都铎在1485年的博斯沃思战役中所使用的旗帜。在这场战役中，都铎打败了查理三世，结束了玫瑰战争。
The flag of Wales: Parallels with House Targaryen?
威尔士的红龙旗：源自坦格利安家族标志？
Sarah Peverley says: Any house that previously ruled can make a relevant claim to the Iron Throne. However, the problem in Westeros is that nobody follows pre-determined laws.
理查德•菲茨威廉：任何曾经统治过七国的家族都可以宣称铁王座是自己的，只是在维斯特洛，没人会理会这些规矩。
Daenerys's ancestor Aegon I was a conqueror. In turn, his descendants were overthrown during a rebellion incited by Robert Baratheon. If we apply these precedents, anyone able to conquer lands and hold them possesses the right to rule.
丹妮莉丝的祖先雷加一世是一位征服者，世道轮回，他的后人又在劳伯•拜拉席恩的反叛中被赶下王位。假如我们援用这些先例，那么任何能征服并控制这片土地的人拥有统治权。
In Daenerys's case, she has a legitimate ancestral claim. She also has an army, dragons and is beloved by those she liberates.
就丹妮莉丝而言，她有法定继承权，有军队，有龙，还有拥护她的民众。
This combination gives her a superior claim over others as she has the interests of the people at heart, rather than her own ambitions.
这一切都使得她登上王座的几率高于其他人，她心怀民众利益，而非只顾自己的雄心壮志。
Will military assets and dragons win the hearts of the common people?
强大的军队和飞龙能赢得民心吗？
Gordon McKelvie says: She is the last Targaryen, or at least everyone thinks she is.
戈登•麦凯尔维：她是坦格利安家族的最后一人，至少所有人都认为她是。
This means a Targaryen restoration was an option, though not necessarily a popular one.
这就意味着坦格利安王朝复辟是有可能的，尽管不一定受到广泛支持。
It was important for any monarch to be popular with their
nobility
as the crown needs to have people willing to fight for it in times of war.
对一名君主来说，赢得
贵族
的支持是至关重要的，因为战时需要他们勤王。
nobility
[noʊ'bɪləti] n. people of high social position who have titles such as that of duke or duchess贵族
Lord Randyll Tarly's dislike for Daenerys as a foreign invader was a sentiment that would be shared by many throughout British history.
纵观英国历史，很多人都会像蓝道•塔利那样将丹妮莉丝看作异域入侵者。
Like any respected ruler, Jon Snow has led troops onto the field and fought with them in battle
和任何受人爱戴的统治者一样，琼恩•雪诺亲临战场，与将士们并肩作战
Candidate 3: Jon Snow
候选人三：琼恩•雪诺
Now a celebrated Northern leader, Jon Snow has come a long way from being outcast as Ned Stark's bastard child.Illegitimate no more, he is the son of Rhaegar Targaryen (Daenerys's brother), rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The prince was believed to have legally wed Jon's mother Lyanna Stark in a secret ceremony.
作为奈徳•史塔克的私生子，尽管琼恩•雪诺现在已经成为一名名震四方的北境王，但一直以来他便备受排挤。此时的他不再言不正名不顺，因为他是铁王座的法定继承人雷加•坦格利安（丹妮莉丝的哥哥）的儿子。雷加王子曾与琼恩的生母莱安娜•史塔克秘密成婚。
Blood from two of Westeros's most powerful houses signals one of the strongest claims to the throne. But would the monarchy have favoured this revelation?
拥有维斯特洛最强大的两个家族的血统使琼恩•雪诺成为最有竞争力的王位继承人，但是君主制度会偏爱这位身世刚刚真相大白的王子吗？
Many rooting for Jon think he will make an excellent (but reluctant) Westeros king
许多琼恩铁粉都认为他将成为一名出色（虽然有些举棋不定）的维斯特洛王
Richard Fitzwilliams says: If his father was Rhaegar, Jon obviously has a very strong claim.
理查德•菲茨威廉：倘若其父真为雷加，那琼恩的胜算明显增大。
He would be more entitled to the throne than Daenerys.
他比丹妮莉丝更有资格继承王位。
Sarah Peverley says: Being labelled the "rightful heir" isn't quite as clear-cut as it sounds. The Targaryens were a dynasty that ruled by right of conquest. So did the Baratheons.
萨拉•皮沃利：“法定继承人”的标签并不像它听起来那样“法定”。坦格利安家族是通过战争征服登上王位，而拜拉席恩亦是如此。
As Daenerys believes she is the only living Targaryen heir, we can't know for sure how she would respond to Jon's lineage. It is entirely possible that she would follow "tradition" and defer to him, following the lines of
primogeniture
.
由于丹妮莉丝自认为是最后的坦格利安人，她会怎样看待琼恩的身世，我们不得而知。当然，她遵循“传统”，按照
长子优先继承法
，向他俯首称臣，亦是完全有可能。
primogeniture
[.praɪmoʊ'dʒenətʃər] n. the system in which the oldest son in a family receives all the property when his father dies长子继承权
