主要研究结果:
• 共纳入523例柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷(DA;包括165名未缓解患者)治疗1个周期后流式细胞术未检测到MRD阴性缓解的AML患者(中位年龄67岁)
• 随机分配接受最多两周期的DA或强化化疗——氟达拉滨、阿糖胞苷、G-CSF和伊达比星(FLAG-Ida)或DA联合克拉屈滨(DAC)。
• 强化化疗组未改善OS:
• DAC vs. DA:HR=0.74 [95%CI:0.55-1.01];P=0.054
• FLAG-Ida vs. DA:HR=0.86 [95%CI:0.66-1.12];P=0.270
• DA、DAC和FLAG-Ida组的3年OS率分别为34%、46%和42%
• FLAG-Ida组的早期死亡和其他AE更常见
• 60天死亡率:9% vs. DA或DAC组为4%;P=0.032
• 随机分组的患者中,131例的MRD状态未知:强化治疗无生存优势
• 排除上述患者的计划敏感性分析:DAC(HR=0.66 [95%CI:0.46-0.93];P=0.018)和FLAG-Ida(HR=0.72 [95%CI:0.53-0.98];P=0.035)都有生存获益
• DA、DAC和FLAG-Ida组的3年OS率分别为30%、46%和46%
• 复发率也相应降低(DAC vs. DA:HR=0.66 [95%CI:0.45-0.98];P=0.039;FLAG-Ida vs. DA:HR=0.70 [95%CI:0.49-0.99];P=0.042)
• 当生存数据因移植而删失时,DAC的获益得以维持(P=0.042)
参考文献:
Russell NH, Thomas A, Hills RK, Thomas I, Gilkes A, Almuina NM, Burns S, Marsh L, Vyas P, Metzner M, McCarthy N, Andrew G, Byrne J, Sellar RS, Kelly R, Cahalin P, Overgaard UM, Mehta P, Dennis M, Knapper S, Freeman SD. Treatment Intensification With Either Fludarabine, AraC, G-CSF and Idarubicin, or Cladribine Plus Daunorubicin and AraC on the Basis of Residual Disease Status in Older Patients With AML: Results From the NCRI AML18 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Nov 18:JCO2400259. doi: 10.1200/JCO.24.00259. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39556780.