今天我想讨论我们在论文校稿时常采用的一些方法与技巧。
1.
删除冗余讯息
学术和科学写作的关键在于文字叙述须简明达义，尽量避免不必要的重复与冗余。
a.
省略多余的主语
对于不是太复杂或太长的复合句，重复出现的主语可以想办法省略掉。以下范例中，大写名词即为重复主语。
范例：
Although DIESEL CARS obtain 20 to 30 percent better mileage, and DIESEL CARS emit less carbon dioxide than similar gasoline cars, they can emit 25 to 400 times more black carbon and organic matter per kilometer.
改写：
Although DIESEL CARS obtain 20 to 30 PERCENT better mileage and emitless carbon dioxide than similar gasoline cars, they can emit 25 to 400 times more black carbon and organic matter per kilometer.
b.
省略重复的单位或量词
当表达拥有相同单位或量词的多个数量概念时，可以只保留最后一个单位或量词，而省略前面的单位或量词，这样的删减并不影响理解。
范例：
Although diesel cars obtain 20 PERCENT to 30 PERCENT better mileage and emit less carbon dioxide than similar gasoline cars, they can emit 25 TIMES to 400 TIMES more black carbon MATTER and organic MATTER per kilometer.
改写：
Although diesel cars obtain 20 to 30 PERCENT better mileage and emitless carbon dioxide than similar gasoline cars, they can emit 25 to 400 TIMES more black carbon and organic MATTER per kilometer.
c.
省略重复的介词
若两个并列的介词短语使用相同介词，则可以省略第二个介词短语中的介词。
范例：
Major technical developments IN engine design and IN engine management systems have vastly improved the overall performance of modern diesel engines.
改写：
Major technical developments IN engine design and engine management systems have vastly improved the overall performance of modern diesel engines.
d.
省略重复的定冠词及不定冠词
若两个并列的名词使用相同的冠词（
a[n]/the
），请保留第一个冠词，而省略掉第二个冠词。然而，在复杂或冗长的短语中（如多个名词并列），您可以考虑保留最后一个冠词，为读者提供提示。
范例：
In diesel engines, the carbon particle (soot) content varies from 60% to 80% depending on THE fuel composition, THE fuel pump setting, THE workload demand on the engine, THE engine temperature, and THE type of engine used.
改写：
In diesel engines, the carbon particle (soot) content varies from 60% to 80% depending on THE fuel composition, fuel pump setting, workload demand onthe engine, engine temperature, and THE / Ø type of engine used.
e.
省略重复的辅助动词
在复合结构或动词串中，删除除了第一个辅助动词外的其他辅助动词（例如
is
、
are
、
was
、
were
、
has
、
have
、
had
、
can
、
could
、
would
）。这在描述实验过程或具体试验方法时常常用到。
范例：
After scrubbing, the water is filtered to remove particulates, which ARE trapped and ARE collected for disposal.
改写：
After scrubbing, the water is filtered to remove particulates, which ARE trapped and collected for disposal.
2.
不
过度使用弱动词（
to be
、
there be
或
to have
）
不要过度使用弱动词，例如
to be
、
there is
／
are
或
to have
。过度使用弱动词
to be
会迫使一个行为以名词短语而非动词形式表达出来。若要修正此问题，请在名词短语中查找动词来。
范例：
The analyzed characteristics WERE the dry weight (DW), the loss on ignition (IL), as well as concentrations of total phosphorus (Ptot), total nitrogen (Ntot) and total carbon (Ctot).
改写：
The following characteristics were analyzed: the dry weight (DW), the loss on ignition (IL), as well as concentrations of total phosphorus (Ptot), total nitrogen (Ntot) and total carbon (Ctot).
范例：
There IS no harm using cellular phones inside the hospital.
改写：
Using cellular phones causes no harm inside the hospital.
范例：
This HAS the tendency to make log browsing a tedious and ineffectiveprocess.
改写：
This tends to make log browsing a tedious and ineffective process.
3.
将否定动词改为
否定
名词
学术写作风格的一个特点在于避免使用
not
，而尽量使用否定形式的形容词来修饰名词，如
little
、
few
与
no
。
Not much
改为
little
英语口语
There is NOT MUCH evidence of communication interference in office situations, where background noise is intermittent.
正式学术英语
There is little evidence of communication interference in office situations, where background noise is intermittent.
Not many
改为
few
英语口语
This study did NOT observe MANY examples of product components being designed specifically for easy disassembly.
正式学术英语
This study observed few examples of product components being designed specifically for easy disassembly.
Not
改为
No
英语口语
This study did NOT observe any examples of product components being designed specifically for easy disassembly.
正式学术英语
This study observed no examples of product components being designed specifically for easy disassembly.
