1.It‘s adj+for sb+to do sth。 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:
It is dangerous for children to play in the street。 孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。
2.It‘s time for sth。 是干某事的时间了;
It‘s time(for sb)to do sth。该干某事了。如:
①It‘s time for the meeting。 该开会了。
②It‘s time for us to go to school。 我们该上学了。
3.It takes sb sometime to do sth。 做某事花某人一些时间。
sb spend sometime/money on sth/(in)doing sth。 某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。
sth cost sb some money 某事花某人一些钱。
pay some money for sth 为某事(物)付钱。如:
① It took me two hours to write the letter。 写这封信花了我两小时的时间。
② He spends half an hour(in)reading English everymorning。他每天早上花半小时读英语。
③ He spends one hour on the housework everyday。 他每天花一小时做家务。
④ The bike cost me 500 yuan。 这辆自行车花了我500元。
⑤ I spent 500 yuan on the bike。 我买这辆自行车花了500元。
⑥ I paid 500 yuan for the bike。 我花了500元买这辆自行车。
重要提示:
cost主语一般为物;spend,pay主语一般为人。例 ① 中it用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
4.too+形容词/副词+to do...太……以致不能…… 如:
① I was too excited to say a word。
我激动得一个字也说不出来。
② Tom is too short to reach the apple。
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
重要提示:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加not,可以用so...that...结构改写。例句 ① 可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word。
5.so...that...以便/以致…… 如:
① They studied hard so that they could pass the exam。 为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。
② They started early so that they caught the early bus。 他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
重要提示:
在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。
6. 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 如:
①Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life。 努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。
②Hurry up,or we will be late for school。 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。
注意:
以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句②可以改写成:If we don‘t hurry up, we’ll be late for school。
7.表达建议的句型,如:
Why not do...?为什么不……?
Let‘sbbdo...让我们做……吧。
Shall we do...?我们做……好吗?
Would you like/to do...?
你想要(做)……吗?
Will you please do...?
请你做……好吗?
What(How)about doing..?
做……怎么样?
had better do/not do sth。
最好做/不做某事。如:
①—Why not go and ask our teacher?——为什么不去问问老师?
—Good idea!Let‘s go。——好主意!走吧!
②—Shall we go out for a walk?——我们去散步怎么样?
—No,Let‘s go to the zoo。——不,我们去动物园吧。
③Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
④—What about singing an English song?——唱首英文歌曲怎么样?
—Wonderful!——好极了!
⑤You had better put on the coat when you go out。你出去时最好把外套穿上。
8.I don‘t think his answer is right。
我认为他的答案不对。
I can‘t believe she is right。我相信她是不对的。
You don‘t think they will come to morrow,do you?你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?
重要提醒:
think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时要否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例句①变为反意疑问句应为:I can‘t believe she is right,is she?
9.such+名词性词组+that...;so+形容词/副词+that...如此……以致……如:
①She is such a good teacher that we all love her。她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
②It was such a hot day that they didn‘t go out for a walk as usual。这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
重要提醒:
(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that...”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that...”,例句①可以改写成:She is so good at eacher that we all love her。
(2)在“such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that...”结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...,so+much/little+不可数名词+that...如:
①There are so many people in the room that Ican‘t get in。
房间里人太多,我进不去。
②The man has so much money that he can buy a car。
那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
10.there be...;either..or..;neither..nor..;notonly...butalso...如:
①There is a pen and two pencil sin his pencil-box。 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Not only you but also I want to go travelling。不但你,我也想去旅游。
③Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai。要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
④Neither you nor he is right。 你和他都不对。
⑤Both Jack and Tim are English.Jack和Tim都是英国人。
重要提示:
当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比both...and...来记忆,both...and...连接主语时视为复数。
11.enough+名词+todo。。。有足够的……做某事;
形容词/副词+enough+todo。。。足够……做某事。如: