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对于一部分朋友来说，上期划线句子的难点可能在于on top of，是不是看到这个有点懵不知道怎么翻？其实这里可以阅读整句，拜登提议发1400，后面total共计2000，所以可以推断出on top of 600是“加上”600，你学废了吗？
Biden
proposed
$1,400 checks for most Americans, which on top of $600 provided in the most recent COVID-19 bill would bring the total to the $2,000 that Biden has called for.
拜登提议为大多数美国人提供1400美元的支票，加上最新的新冠疫情法案提供的600美元，这将使人均获得的总额达到拜登所要求的2000美元。
1.on top of: in addition to sth
成千上万的经济学家从世界各地涌向美国的一个大城市，参加美国经济协会(AEA)的年度会议。今年会议以线上方式进行，主要探讨了社会福利制度与社会文化的关系。
The events of 2020 drew attention to the importance for prosperity of factors that economists often neglect, such as state capacity and social trust.
Perhaps in a sign of change to economic thinking to come, some of the fare
on offer
at this year’s
shindig
suggested that raising welfare is often more a matter of collective choice than maximising efficiency.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
也许是经济思维即将改变的一个迹象，今年会议上提出的一些议题表明，增加福利往往是一个集体选择的问题，而不是效率最大化的问题。
Discussions of the role of social norms and values were scattered throughout the conference. Scholars presented work showing that higher levels of trust and social responsibility were associated with less scepticism of media reporting on covid-19 and greater willingness to accept
stringent
lockdown measures.
对社会规范和价值的作用的讨论贯穿会议全程。学者们展示的工作表明，
信任度和社会责任感越高，人们对媒体报道新冠病毒内容的怀疑程度就越低，接受严格封锁措施的意愿也就越强。
The standard framework assumes that society is comprised of rational individuals making decisions based on self-interest. Choices about how much to save or what sort of education to acquire are informed by people’s understanding of their own conditions and preferences. Economists working under these assumptions may support welfare programmes in the event of market failures.
标准理论体系认为，社会是由根据自身利益做决定的理性人构成的。关于储蓄多少钱或接受何种教育的选择，是根据人们对自身条件和偏好的理解作出的。经济学家基于这样的假设，可能会在市场失灵的情况下支持福利方案。
Unemployment benefits are needed, say, because credit markets are far from perfect, and a jobless person cannot simply borrow to
make up for
a temporary loss of income, however confident they are of eventually finding work. But the assumption of rational self-interest constrains the welfare state significantly. Generous benefits, and the high taxes needed to fund them, will put rationally minded people off work,
undermining
economic growth and the government’s capacity to help people in need.
比如说，失业救济金是必须的，是因为信贷市场远没有达到完美的状态，一个失业者无论对最终能找到工作抱有多大的信心，也无法简单地通过借钱来弥补暂时没有收入的损失。但是，自利的理性人假设极大地制约了福利国家的发展。慷慨的福利，以及为福利提供资金的高额税收，将使头脑理性的人失去工作，破坏经济增长，损害政府帮助有需要的人的能力。
The fact that society deems education to be a social good and provides the means to achieve it encourages young people to attend school for years, regardless of whether it is a rational economic choice. And as behavioural economists have shown, people do not exclusively behave as
hard-bitten
rationalists. The fairness of outcomes matters to people, and they are willing to make sacrifices for the greater good in an environment of social trust and reciprocity.
社会认为教育是一种社会福利，并提供各种接受教育的方式，这一事实鼓励年轻人长年上学，不管这是否是一种理性的经济选择。而正如行为经济学家所指出的，人们并不完全像铁石心肠的理性主义者那样行事。结果的公平性对人们来说很重要，在一个社会信任和互惠的环境中，人们愿意为更大的利益做出牺牲。
本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）
