【新朋友】
点击标题下面蓝字
【
可可英语
】
加关注
【老朋友】
点击手机右上角图标
【
转发分享
】
内容
【听音频，也可猛戳左下角“
阅读原文
”】
This
is
6
Minute
English
from
BBC
Learning
English
.
com
.
这里是
bbclearningenglish
.
com
英语六分钟节目。
Callum
:
Hello
,
welcome
to
6
Minute
English
.
I'm
Callum
and
with
me
today
is
Neil
.
Hello
Neil
.
大家好，欢迎来到英语六分钟，我是卡勒姆，今天和我一起主持节目的是尼尔。尼尔你好。
Neil
:
Hi
there
Callum
.
你好，卡勒姆。
Callum
:
In
today's
programme
we're
going
to
be
talking
about
the
word
'omnishambles'
.
Every
year
a
committee
at
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary
comes
up
with
a
list
of
new
words
that
have
made
a
big
impact
on
the
English
language
.
在今天的节目中，我们将讨论“
omnishables
”这个词。每年，牛津英语词典委员会都会找出一些新单词，这些单词对英语语言产生了重要影响。
Neil
:
Now
they
aren't
necessarily
words
that
will
make
their
way
into
dictionaries
any
time
soon
but
they
are
words
that
have
been
influenced
by
popular
culture
,
sport
,
politics
and
other
current
affairs
.
现在，还没有必要把这些单词马上收录到词典中，但他们都是受流行文化、体育、政治和其他一些时事的影响而产生的单词。
Callum
:
This
year
,
at
the
top
of
their
list
,
was
the
word
omnishambles
.
Before
we
learn
more
about
it
,
here's
a
question
for
you
,
Neil
,
about
dictionaries
.
From
the
following
,
who
published
the
earliest
English
alphabetical
dictionary
?
Was
it
Robert
Cawdrey
,
Samuel
Johnson
or
Noah
Webster
?
今年，在这些单词中跃居首位的就是“
omnishambles
”这个单词。在我们继续讨论之前，尼尔，我有一道关于词典方面的问题要问你。是谁最先出版了以英文字母顺序排列的词典？是罗伯特·考德里，塞缪尔·约翰逊还是诺亚·韦伯斯特?
Neil
:
Well
I
think
this
is
a
trick
question
.
I
think
you
want
me
to
say
Samuel
Johnson
.
I
don't
think
it's
Webster
because
he
was
American
.
I'm
going
to
go
for
Robert
Cawdrey
.
这个问题确实很具有欺骗性。我觉得你想让我选塞缪尔·约翰逊。我觉得应该不是韦伯斯特，因为他是美国人。那我选罗伯特·考德里。
Callum
:
OK
,
we'll
find
out
if
you're
right
at
the
end
of
the
programme
.
Fiona
McPherson
is
one
of
the
judges
who
decides
on
the
Word
of
the
Year
and
she
describes
why
new
words
make
it
on
to
the
list
.
What
are
her
main
criteria
?
好的，在节目最后我们再看你的回答是否正确。菲奥娜·麦克弗森是决定哪些词将成为年度词汇的审判员之一，并且她阐述了为什么这些新单词会上榜。她的主要评判标准又是什么呢?
Neil
:
First
and
foremost
it's
about
the
evidence
;
so
as
long
as
people
are
using
it
and
we
can
find
independent
examples
.
By
independent
I
mean
not
just
used
by
one
person
;
you'll
see
it
in
various
newspapers
,
perhaps
novels
,
that
kind
of
thing
.
But
it's
also
the
projected
longevity
,
really
.
Some
words
are
flash
in
the
pan
,
but
you
can
normally
gauge
by
using
your
own
judgement
whether
or
not
something
is
going
to
have
a
life
.
首先是证据的问题，只要有人在使用它，我们就可以找到一些单独的例子。我所说的单独，并不是指只有一个人在用；而是在各种报纸，或者小说之类的媒介上，你都可以看到它。但最重要的还是它的预期寿命。有些单词仅仅是昙花一现，但你通常可以通过自己的评判标准来衡量某个事物是否具有生命力。
Neil
,
what's
most
important
?
尼尔, 在她看来最重要的是什么？
Neil
:
She
says
that
'first
and
foremost'
it's
if
the
word
is
being
used
by
more
than
one
person
;
if
it's
being
used
in
a
variety
of
media
.
她说“最重要的是”是否有很多人在使用这个单词，是否很多媒体也在使用。
Callum
:
Is
that
the
only
consideration
?
这是唯一的评判标准吗？
Neil
:
No
,
she
says
it's
also
about
the
'projected
longevity'
of
the
word
,
which
is
an
estimation
of
how
long
the
word
will
be
used
for
.
Some
words
,
she
says
,
are
a
'flash
in
the
pan'
which
means
they
are
popular
for
a
very
short
time
but
then
disappear
.
不，她还说一个单词的“预期寿命”也很重要，所谓“预期寿命”就是指预计人们能使用这个单词多长时间。她说到一些单词只是昙花一现，也就是流行一阵然后就销声匿迹了。
Callum
:
In
an
example
of
life
imitating
art
,
the
word
omnishambles
first
appeared
in
a
BBC
television
political
comedy
in
2009.
Can
you
tell
us
a
bit
about
what
it
means
?
在一个生活模仿艺术的示例中，“
omnishambles
”这个词首次出现在2009年
BBC
电视台的政治喜剧中。那你能不能跟我们说一说这个词是什么意思呢？
Neil
:
Sure
.
The
prefix
'omni'
,
which
means
everywhere
or
everything
,
has
been
added
to
the
noun
'shambles'
.
Shambles
is
a
noun
for
something
that
is
very
poorly
organised
and
planned
.
A
complete
mess
!
An
omnishambles
is
this
new
word
which
emphasises
just
how
really
bad
something
has
been
messed
up
.
Something
that
is
an
omnishambles
is
a
complete
and
total
disaster
.
It
usually
refers
to
a
series
of
mistakes
and
blunders
by
politicians
.
当然可以，"
omni
"这个前缀表示“每个地方”或者“每件事物”，它后面是名词"
shambles
"之前。"
Shambles
"是一个名词，用来表示某件事缺乏组织和计划。简直是一塌糊涂！
Omnishambles
这个新词就是用来强调已经很糟糕的事情变得更加混乱。如果说某件事“一团糟”，那就是说这件事是一个彻头彻尾的灾难。它经常用来指政客们所犯的一系列错误。
Callum
:
And
it's
a
word
that's
become
particularly
popular
for
those
who
want
to
criticise
the
government
.
Let's
listen
to
an
example
.
This
is
Ed
Milliband
,
an
opponent
of
the
British
prime
minister
,
speaking
in
parliament
.
那些想要批判政府的人们就很喜欢这个单词。我们来看个例子。这是英国首相的反对者埃德·米利班德在国会上的讲话。
Over
the
last
month
,
we've
seen
the
charity
tax
shambles
,
the
churches
tax
shambles
,
the
caravan
tax
shambles
and
the
pasty
tax
shambles
.
So
,
Mr
Speaker
,
we're
all
keen
to
hear
the
prime
minister's
view
as
to
why
he
thinks
,
four
weeks
on
from
the
budget
,
even
people
within
Downing
Street
are
calling
it
an
omnishambles
budget
.
上个月，我们慈善税收、教堂税收、商队税收以及快餐业税收都很混乱。因此，议长先生，自预算出台后的四周内，包括英国政府内部人员都称其为糟糕的预算，我们很想知道首相对此是怎样看的。
Callum
:
Ed
Milliband
describing
lots
of
different
'shambles'
,
and
then
describing
them
all
as
omnishables
.
埃德·米利班德描述了各个方面的“混乱”，然后将这一切归结为一团糟。
Neil
:
Yes
,
an
omnishambles
is
a
collection
of
shambles
!
没错，
omnishambles
就是集各种混乱于一体。
Callum
:
So
why
has
the
word
caught
on
?
Here's
writer
Tony
Roche
,
who
coined
the
expression
in
the
political
satire
The
Thick
of
It
.
为什么这个单词流行起来了呢？作家托尼·罗切在他的政治讽刺剧《幕后危机》中杜撰了这一表达方式。
It
seems
to
have
lent
itself
to
being
mutated
.
I
think
it
might
have
been
Vanity
Fair
used
the
word
'Romneyshambles'
to
describe
various
gaffes
that
Mitt
Romney
was
making
and
it's
been
used
in
a
few
other
contexts
.
它似乎正在发生变化。我想可能是在《名利场》中
'Romneyshambles'
这一单词被用来描述米特·罗姆尼的各种失言行为，并且这个单词也用于一些其他语境中。
Callum
:
What
reason
does
he
give
for
the
popularity
of
the
word
?
他认为这一单词流行起来的原因是什么？
Neil
:
He
says
that
it
can
easily
be
adapted
and
changed
for
different
circumstances
.
He
mentions
the
fact
that
the
magazine
Vanity
Fair
used
a
variation
of
it
–
Romneyshambles
–
to
refer
to
US
presidential
candidate
Mitt
Romney
making
gaffes
.
他说这个单词能够轻松的适用于各种不同情况。他提到杂志《名利场》用这个单词的变体——
Romneyshambles
来指美国总统候选人米特·罗姆尼的失言行为。
Callum
:
Gaffes
?
失言？
Neil
:
Yes
,
gaffes
,
a
word
for
embarrassing
mistakes
.
是的，失言指尴尬的失误。
Callum
:
Let's
listen
to
Tony
Roche
again
.
让我们再来听一遍托尼·罗切所说的话。
It
seems
to
have
lent
itself
to
being
mutated
.
I
think
it
might
have
been
Vanity
Fair
used
the
word
'Romneyshambles'
to
describe
various
gaffes
that
Mitt
Romney
was
making
and
it's
been
used
in
a
few
other
contexts
.
它似乎正在发生变化。我想可能是在《名利场》中
'Romneyshambles'
这一单词被用来描述米特·罗姆尼的各种失言行为，并且这个单词也用于一些其他语境中。
Callum
:
Will
this
word
have
legs
?
Will
it
live
longer
than
the
current
political
period
?
Here's
Fiona
McPherson
again
;
what
does
she
think
?
这个单词能生存下来吗？它能比当今的政局存在的时间更长吗？我们再来听一下菲奥娜·麦克弗森是怎么想的？
What
it
has
in
its
favour
is
it's
already
had
some
derivatives
coming
from
it
like
Romneyshambles
,
we've
heard
when
talking
about
Mitt
Romney's
gaffes
about
how
he
thought
London
wasn't
ready
to
,
to
host
a
good
Olympics
.
Things
like
that
are
good
indicators
that
maybe
this
word
will
have
staying
power
,
but
really
time
is
the
only
thing
that
will
,
will
tell
.
它的优势在于，它已经有了像
Romneyshambles
这样的派生词，当人们说道米特·罗姆尼的失言——伦敦还没有准备好举办一场成功的奥运会时，我们就会听到像
Romneyshambles
这样的词汇。类似于这样的事情就预示着这个单词可能会存在下去，但唯有时间能够证实一切。
Callum
:
What
does
she
think
Neil
?
她是怎么看的呢，尼尔?
Neil
:
She
makes
a
similar
point
to
Tony
Roche
that
the
word
already
has
derivatives
,
or
different
variations
.
She
mentions
the
same
example
of
Romneyshambles
.
It's
this
ability
to
adapt
and
evolve
which
she
thinks
might
give
it
staying
power
–
might
give
it
the
ability
to
become
a
more
permanent
feature
in
the
English
language
.
But
ultimately
,
time
will
tell
:
we'll
just
have
to
wait
and
see
.
她和托尼·罗切的观点不谋而合，她也认为这个单词已经有了派生体或者不同的变体。她同样提到了
Romneyshambles
这个例子。她觉得正是这种适应力和发展变化的能力让这个单词有了存在下去的生命力——让它更具备在语言中持久存在的特性。但最终，时间会证实一切，我们拭目以待吧。
Callum
:
That's
the
beauty
of
language
,
always
evolving
.
Now
before
we
run
out
of
time
and
this
programme
becomes
an
omnishambles
,
let's
get
the
answer
to
this
week's
question
.
Who
published
the
earliest
English
alphabetical
dictionary
.
Neil
,
you
said
?
这就是语言的魅力——总是在不断变化。现在，本期节目即将结束，在节目变成“一团糟”之前，我们来看一下本周的问题。是谁最先出版了以英文字母顺序排列的词典？尼尔，你的答案是？
Neil
:
Robert
Cawdrey
.
伯特·考德里。
Callum
:
And
Robert
Cawdrey
was
the
correct
answer
and
that
was
in
1604.
Well
that's
all
from
this
edition
of
6
Minute
English
.
Until
next
time
,
thank
you
Neil
and
goodbye
.
伯特·考德里是正确的答案，时间是在1604年。好了，以上就是本期英语六分钟的全部内容。我们下期再见，谢谢你，尼尔，再见。
Neil
:
Goodbye
!
再见！
That
was
6
Minute
English
from
BBC
Learning
English
.
com
.
以上是
bbclearningenglish
.
com
英语六分钟节目。
