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Your Child's Vaccine Visit 儿童疫苗接种

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-04-25 21:33

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Vaccine

There are things that parents can do before, during and after vaccine visits to make them easier and less stressful.

在疫苗接种前、接种期间及接种完成后，家长可以通过一些措施使孩子感到更加轻松，减少压力。

Before the Visit

接种前

Come prepared! Take these steps before your child gets a shot to help make the immunization visit less stressful on you both.

有备而来！在带孩子接种疫苗前采取以下措施，有助于减少你和孩子免疫接种的压力。

Read any vaccine materials you received from your child’s healthcare professional and write down any questions you may have.

阅读孩子的儿科医生给你的疫苗资料，并记录下你的问题。

Use this Instant Childhood Immunization Schedule tool to see which shots are recommended for your child's age.

使用儿童免疫接种程序工具，了解孩子在当前年龄应接种哪些疫苗。

Learn more about the benefits and risks of the vaccines that your child will receive by reviewing Vaccine Information Statements. You can also request Vaccine Information Statements at the doctor’s office.

阅读疫苗信息声明，了解关于孩子将接种的疫苗的益处和风险。你也可以在医生办公室索取疫苗信息声明材料。

Find your child’s personal immunization record and bring it to your appointment. An up-to-date record tells your doctor exactly what shots your child has already received.

找到并带上孩子个人的疫苗接种记录去赴约接种。最新的记录可以让医生明确知道孩子已经接种了哪些疫苗。

Pack a favorite toy or book, and a blanket that your child uses regularly to comfort your child.

带上孩子最喜欢的玩具或书本，以及孩子常用的小毯子以安慰孩子。

A mild illness is usually not a reason to reschedule a vaccination visit.

轻微的身体不适并不影响疫苗的接种。

For older children

🔸Be honest with your child. Explain that shots can pinch or sting, but that it won’t hurt for long.

🔸 Engage other family members, especially older siblings, to support your child.

🔸Avoid telling scary stories or making threats about shots.

🔸Remind children that vaccines can keep them healthy.

对较大的孩子

🔸 诚实对待你的孩子。解释接种时可能会觉得被捏了一下或者刺痛，但这种疼痛并不会持续太久。

🔸 鼓励家庭其他成员，尤其是年长的兄弟姐妹，支持鼓励你的孩子。

🔸 避免讲关于打针的可怕故事或者做出威胁。

🔸 向孩子强调接种疫苗可使他们保持健康。

At the Doctor's Office

在医生办公室

If you have questions about immunizations, ask your child’s doctor or nurse. Your child’s doctor will give you Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) for the shots that your child will be getting that day. VIS include information about the risks and benefits of each vaccine. If your doctor doesn’t give you one you can request one.

如果你有关于免疫的疑问，可以咨询医生或护士。孩子的医生会给你一份关于孩子当天接种疫苗的疫苗信息声明，其内容包括了每种疫苗的风险和益处。如果医生没给你，你可以向医生索取。

For older children

Try these ideas for making the shots easier on your child.

🔸 Distract and comfort your child by cuddling, singing, or talking softly.

🔸 Smile and make eye contact with your child. Let your child know that everything is ok.

🔸 Comfort your child with a favorite toy or book. A blanket that smells familiar will help your child feel more comfortable.

🔸 Hold your child firmly on your lap, whenever possible.

对较大的孩子

为使孩子的接种更加容易，可以尝试以下方法。

🔸 通过拥抱、唱歌和轻声说话分散孩子的注意力，安抚孩子。

🔸 对孩子微笑并保持目光接触。让孩子知道一切都很好。

🔸 用最喜欢的玩具或图书来安抚孩子。闻起来熟悉的小毯子可以使孩子感到更加舒服。

🔸 尽可能把孩子稳稳地抱在你的大腿上。

Once your child has received all of the shots, be especially supportive. Try these tips for soothing your baby:

孩子一接种完疫苗，就要表现的尤为支持鼓励。可以尝试以下方法来安抚孩子。

🔸Swaddling

🔸Skin-to-skin contact

🔸Offering a sweet beverage, like juice (when the child is older than 6 months)

🔸Breastfeeding

🔸用襁褓裹紧。

🔸皮肤与皮肤接触。

🔸给他提供甜饮料，如果汁（孩子需≥6月龄）。

🔸哺乳。

For older children and adolescents

Take deep breaths with your child to help "blow out" the pain.
Point out interesting things in the room to help create distractions.
Tell or read stories.
Support your child if he or she cries. Never scold a child for not "being brave."

Fainting (syncope) can be common among adolescents immediately after getting shots. To help prevent any injuries that could occur from a fall while fainting, your preteen or teen should stay seated for 15 minutes after the shot.

Before you leave the appointment, ask your child’s doctor for advice on using non-aspirin pain reliever and other steps you can take at home to comfort your child.

对于大孩子和青少年

和孩子一起深呼吸，帮助他们把疼痛“吹出去”。
指出屋内有趣的事情，分散孩子注意力。
讲故事或读书。
如果孩子哭了，要对他/她支持鼓励。千万不要斥责孩子不够“勇敢”。

打完针后出现晕厥对青少年来说是常见的。为了避免在晕眩时跌倒而可能造成的受伤，青少年应该在接种后在原地坐等15分钟。

在离开前，咨询医生的建议，是否可在家中使用不含阿司匹林的止痛药和其他方法来减轻孩子的不适。

After the Shots

接种后

Sometimes children experience mild reactions from vaccines, such as pain at the injection site, a rash or a fever. These reactions are normal and will soon go away. The following tips will help you identify and minimize mild side effects.

有些情况下，孩子在接种疫苗后会出现轻微的反应，如接种部位疼痛、出疹或者发热。这些症状都是正常的，很快就会消失。以下措施可帮你确认并减轻轻微的副作用。

Review any information your doctor gives you about the shots, especially the Vaccine Information Statements or other sheets that outline which side effects might be expected.

重温医生提供的关于疫苗接种的资料，尤其是疫苗信息声明或者有提出可能出现的副作用的其他宣传单。

Use a cool, wet cloth to reduce redness, soreness, and swelling in the place where the shot was given.

在接种部位敷湿冷的毛巾来缓解红肿和疼痛。

Reduce any fever with a cool sponge bath. If your doctor approves, give non-aspirin pain reliever.

用凉的海绵球沐浴以退烧。如果医生允许，可以给孩子服用不含阿司匹林的止痛药。

Give your child lots of liquid. It’s normal for some children to eat less during the 24 hours after getting vaccines.

给孩子喝大量的液体。在接种疫苗后24小时内，有些孩子食量减少是正常的。

Pay extra attention to your child for a few days. If you see something that concerns you, call your doctor.

接种后的几天要格外关注孩子。如果发现有问题使你感到不安，就要去就医。

（来源：美国疾控中心）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：lily

翻译：雷未明

美编：雷未明

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