图1、GOF 和 RGOF 的制备过程的示意图，以及通过化学/光热马兰戈尼效应和磁场对五角星致动器的操纵。
图2、a) Raman spectra of RGOF prepared under different intensities. b) X-ray photoelectron spectra of GOF and RGOF prepared under different laser intensities. c) Elemental content of different samples (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen). d) C1s spectra of GOF. e) C1s spectra of GOF/RGOF. f) C1s spectra of RGOF. g). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of GOF and RGOF. h) X-ray diffraction patterns of different samples.
图3、a) SEM image of a smooth surface of GOF and b) a magnified SEM image of the GOF surface. c) SEM image of porous structure of RGOF fabricated via laser reduction (1 W) and d) magnified SEM image. e) SEM image of porous RGOF fabricated via laser reduction (1.4 W) and f) high-resolution SEM image of RGOF.
图4、a) X-ray photoelectron spectra of GO-SDS foam and RGO-SDS foam. b,c) C1s spectra of GO-SDS foam and RGO-SDS foam. d) Dependence of motion speed and duration on foam thickness. e) Relationship between actuator thickness and actuator weight. f) Influence of SDS contents on motion time.
图5、a) Video screenshots of motion behavior of pentagonal GOF actuator driven by chemical Marangoni effect. b) 3D motion trajectory diagram of actuator. c) Force analysis diagram of pentagram actuator with complete structure. d) Force analysis diagram of pentagram actuator with incomplete structure.
图6、a) Photograph of a pentagram GOF/RGOF actuator. b) Video screenshots of actuator driven by incandescent lamp. c) Thermal image of the pentagram actuator illuminated by incandescent lamp, and force analysis. d) 3D motion trajectory diagram of photothermal Marangoni actuator. e,h,j,n) Video screenshots of motion of rectangular GOF/RGOF actuator in straight, clockwise, and counterclockwise rotation, driven by laser irradiation at different positions. g,l,m,p) Their corresponding 3D motion trajectory diagrams and f,i,k,o) their force analysis diagrams.
