2017年6月大学英语四六级考前点拨辅导讲义
主讲人：北京外国语大学 何凯文
一、Listening Comprehension：
Part 1.News report & Lecture
News reports:
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At theend of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsreport and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.
Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus stationin central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somaligroup in Uganda’s capital.
听力原文：Kenyan police say one person waskilled and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.
B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.
听力原文：Some eyewitnesses report that abag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check.
听力原文：
Kenyan police say one person waskilled and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala.Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in theUgandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from theKenyan capital.
The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for anovernight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag wasabout to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windowsof the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground besidethe vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possibleChristmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
2. When did the incident occur?
Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
C) It remains competitive inthe recession.
D) It will expand its onlineretail business.
听力原文：Many of its 800 stores are likelyto close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after anattempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.
B) Fire 25,000 of its currentemployees.
C) Cut its DVD publishingbusiness.
D) Sell the business for one pound.
听力原文：Many of its 800 stores are likelyto close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after anattempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
听力原文：
Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street.It’s been in business nearly a century. Manyof its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to callin administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
The company has huge debts. Theimmediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession,which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in troublefor years.
Known for low-priced generalgoods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarketsexpanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.
Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose theirjobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.
3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?
Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5. A) All taxis began to use meters.
B) All taxis got air conditioning.
C) Advertisements were allowedon taxis.
D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.
听力原文：That’s due in part to the removalof many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis.
6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.
B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising.
听力原文：After new legislation demandedtheir removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with threeEgyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.
7. A) There are no more irregular practices.
B) All new cabs provideair-conditioning.
C) New cabs are all equippedwith meters.
D) New legislation protectsconsumer rights.
听力原文：The idea has proved popular withcustomers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the newcabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares.
听力原文：
Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practicesand shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months,though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement.That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned blackand white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in apoor state of repair.
After new legislation demandedtheir removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with threeEgyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded andadvertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.
The idea has proved popular withcustomers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the newcabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tougheconomic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind thewheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switchingfrom black and white to a plain white colour.
5. What change took place in Cairo recently?
6. What helped bring about the change?
7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?
参考答案 ：1. B 2. C 3. A 4.D 5.D 6. A 7. C
Lecture：
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures ortalks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.
B) They are on issues facingsenior citizens in America.
C) They describe the greatpleasures of the golden years.
D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
听力原文：Hello Ladies and Gentleman, itgives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session,Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University,has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans inour graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:
17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not beingimportant any more.
C) Being unable to find a goodretirement home.
D) Leaving the home he hadlived in for 60 years.
听力原文：My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the onlyhome they had known for the past 60years.
18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
B) Fear of being replaced ordiscarded.
C) Freedom from pressure andworldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth andhigh respect.
听力原文：For them and some older Americans,their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this periodcan mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity andself-worth.
19. A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for seniorcitizens.
C) Finding meaningful rolesfor the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
听力原文：Now, many of the lectures given atthis conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, andthe development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these arevital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on animportant issue that will affect the overall success of the other programsmentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to bea part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play andshould play in our societies.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
Moderator:
Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce ourkeynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, haswritten numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in ourgraying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:
Dr. Miller:
Thank you for that introduction.Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which Ifeel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several yearsago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced withthe reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatestfear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fightingback the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home fromthe ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in theprocess. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up theirindependence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painfulexperience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limbcut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t importantanymore.
For them and some older Americans,their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this periodcan mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity andself-worth. In many societies, thisself-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, materialpossessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies thatvalue what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the Englishlanguage is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would yourfamily react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living roomand see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.
Now, many of the lectures givenat this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care,and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while theseare vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on animportant issue that will affect the overall success of the other programsmentioned. This has to do withchanging our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, andfinding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .
16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articlesand books?
17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?
18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.
20. A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.
B) It has become a problemaffecting global economic growth.
C) It is a common problemfound in underdeveloped countries.
D) It is an issue oftenoverlooked by parents in many countries.
听力原文：It notes that, in recent years,experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conceptionand a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.
21. A) They will live longer. C) They get along well with people.
B) They get better pay. D) They develop much higher IQs.
听力原文：And then at adulthood, IFPRI hasactually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higherwages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
22. A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.
B) Encouraged breastfeedingfor the first six months of a child’s life.
C) Recruited volunteers toteach rural people about health and nutrition.
D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and youngchildren.
听力原文：Ruel says in the 1980s Thailandwas able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number ofvolunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.
The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by theInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusionthat undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can haveserious and long-lasting impacts.
Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window canseriously check the growth and development of children and render them morelikely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allowschildren to develop both physically and mentally.
Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well inschool. They will stay in school longer.And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who werebetter nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generationsdepends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.
“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days toimprove nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly comingtogether for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solvethe problem.
“It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, ifwe don’t have the politicians on board, and also the...people that implement[programs] in the field.”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementersare beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations aretargeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. Theyfocus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improveaccess to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the firstsix months of a child’s life.
Ruel says in the 1980s Thailandwas able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number ofvolunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet andgood eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but alsoeducating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feedtheir young children.”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing childundernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger andpoverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.
20. What is the experts’ conclusion regarding children’sundernourishment in their earliest days of life?
21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in theiradult life?
22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B) The huge volume of itsannual sales.
C) The service it provides toits customers.
D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
听力原文：I’d like to look at a vital aspectof e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service.
24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.
B) Products potentiallyembarrassing to buy.
C) Those that require verycareful handling.
D) Services involving a personal element.
听力原文：Products which are usuallyconsidered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste orsmell component.
25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.
B) Those who have to work longhours.
C) Those who are used toonline transactions.
D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.
听力原文: Typical users ofonline supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and thosewithout their own transport.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
I’d like to look at a vital aspectof e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable forselling online, and others that simply don’t work.
Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Itemssuch as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so moreexpensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as thesuccess of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptopcomputers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in apurely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, andthen downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or deliverycosts, so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such asfinancial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, asSkype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliableservice. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype hasproved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in thevirtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are thoseselling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gamblingis highly popular.
Products which are usuallyconsidered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste orsmell component. Food, especially fresh food, fallsinto this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to betried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited tovirtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really takenoff, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience ofnot being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time savedand convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people whowork long hours and those without their own transport.
23 What is important to the success of an online store?
24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?
25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
参考答案：16.B 17. D 18. A 19. C20. A 21.B22.C 23.D 24.A 25. B
Part2. Long Conversation
一、抓住首尾句
【预览选项】
[A] To go sightseeing. [B]To have meetings.
[C] To promote a new champagne. [D]To join in a training program.
【边听边选】
M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’syour trip to the states?
W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot ofmeetings. …
19. Why did the woman go to NewYork?
四．Reading in depth
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history, universities have becomeinstruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They arethe place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and theprimary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintaincompetitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders tothe flow of goods, services, information and especially people has madeuniversities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding andgeopolitical stability.
B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy,universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students fromaround the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sendingtheir own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering coursesof study that address the challenges of an interconnected world andcollaborative (合作的) research programs to advancescience for the benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping thanthe movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of studentsleaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from onedeveloped nation to another, but the flow from developing to developedcountries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developingcountries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of thedoctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in theUnited Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study isgrowing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s bestinstitutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the UnitedStates, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering areforeign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top researchuniversities received their graduate education abroad.
D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of theirundergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 studentsparticipate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in oneof 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the UnitedStates, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers.Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity—and providing the financialresources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One newtrend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yaleprofessor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs aresearch center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s FudanUniversity, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. TheShanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduatestudents visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientistsfrom both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab ismore productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, andChinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training froma world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States hasconsistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies,from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to theInternet infrastructure (基 础 设 施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-basedscience and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highlyvisible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, andRoute 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT andHarvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model,perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores ofother leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around theuniversity.
G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant aboutsustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the linkbetween investment in science and national economic strength, but support forresearch funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes ofHealth doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflationsince then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pacewith inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground iswelcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increasesin science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the orderof inflation plus 3 percent per year.
H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing thatadmitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasinginternational understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding forinternational exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused adramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S.universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singaporeand the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led toimprovements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the UnitedStates is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to thenation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear thatforeign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledgeand skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to theUnited States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of themstay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen thenation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States becomeambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. InAmerica as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective inpromoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for globalcareers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students hasincreased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
48. The enrollment of international students will have a positiveimpact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as aresult of globalization.
50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in theUnited States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.
51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universitiesdecreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.
53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linkinguniversity-based science and industrial application.
54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for globalintegration.
55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring Americanvalues back to their home countries.
解题要诀：主题；定位；句子理解；
主题的强大：
Eg1.主题句：
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, butstress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuneresponse was discovered by chance.
题目：1.The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice inAder’s experiment was that ________.
A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
B) the sweetener was poisonous to them
C) their immune systems had been altered by the mind
D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
2. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems ofanimals ________.
A) can be weakened by mind B)can be suppressed by drug injections
C) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D) can be altered by electric shocks
Eg2. 主题词：weak dollar
52. Why do Americans feel humiliated?
A．Their economy is plunging
B．Their currency has slumped
C．They can't afford trips to Europe
D． They have lost half of theirassets.
53.How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?
A．They have to cancel theirvacations in New York.
B．They find it unaffordable to dinein mom-and-pop restaurants.
C．They have to spend more money whenbuying imported goods.
D．They might lose their jobs due topotential economic problems.
54. How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar?
A．They feel contemptuous of it.
B．They are sympathetic with it.
C．They regard it as a superpower onthe decline.
D．They think of it as a good touristdestination.
55. what is the author's advice to Americans?
A．They treat the dollar with alittle respect
B．They try to win in the weak-dollargamble
C．They vacation at home rather thanabroad
D．They treasure their marriages allthe more
