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In a recent essay for New York Magazine, for instance,
Eric Levitz
argues
that the social trends American conservatives most dislike, the rise of expressive individualism and the decline of religion, marriage and the family,
are driven by
socioeconomic forces
the right’s free-market doctrines actively encourage
.
例如，在纽约杂志近期的一篇文章中，埃里克·莱维茨声称美国保守派最不喜欢的社会趋势、表现型个人主义的兴起以及信仰、婚姻和家庭的衰败都是由于右派自由市场教条所积极推崇的社会经济力量导致的。
1.expressive individualism：the idea that in order to be fulfilled, in order to be an authentic person, in order to be genuinely me, I need to be able to express outwardly or perform publicly that which I feel I am inside.
环保组织和投资者对石油行业施压，要求埃克森美孚和荷兰皇家壳牌等石油巨头公司解决人们对气候变化的担忧。
In a
first-of-its-kind
ruling, a Dutch court found that Shell is partially responsible for climate change, and ordered the company to sharply reduce its carbon emissions. Hours later in the U.S., an activist investor won at least two seats on Exxon’s board, a historic defeat for the oil giant that will likely require it to alter its fossil-fuel focused strategy.
作为此类案件的首次判决，荷兰法院裁定壳牌公司对气候变化负有部分责任，并命令该公司大幅减少碳排放。几小时后在美国，一位激进投资者在埃克森美孚董事会至少拿下了两个席位，这对这家石油巨头来说是一次历史性的挫败，这可能要求该公司改变其以化石燃料为核心的战略。
The back-to-back,
watershed
decisions demonstrated how dramatically the
landscape
is shifting for oil-and-gas companies as they face increasing pressure from environmentalists, investors, lenders, politicians and regulators to transition to cleaner forms of energy.
这分水岭一般的决策表明，油气公司的前景变化有多么大，来自环保主义者、投资者、债权人、政界人士和监管机构的压力越来越大，这要求它们转向更清洁的能源形式。
“The events of today show definitively that many leaders in the oil-and-gas industry
have a tin ear
and do not understand that society’s views and the legal and political environment in which they operate are changing radically,” said Amy Myers Jaffe, a professor at Tufts University’s Fletcher School who has advised energy companies.
Climate-change activists celebrated after a district court in The Hague ruled Wednesday that Royal Dutch Shell has to reduce its emissions by 45% by 2030.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
让气候变化活动人士感到雀跃的是，海牙地区法院周三裁定，荷兰皇家壳牌公司必须在2030年之前将碳排放量减少45%。
Many oil companies have begun adopting comprehensive plans to reduce emissions, and some, especially in Europe, have
diversified
into renewable energy. But reducing emissions without sacrificing some returns is proving challenging, and many face skepticism about their strategies. “It’s a real market
predicament
,” said Peter Bryant, a managing partner at business consultant Clareo. “Even if their plan is sound, it doesn’t matter right now.”
许多石油公司已经开始全面计划减少碳排放，其中一些公司，特别是欧洲的公司，已经转向可再生能源。但事实证明，在不做出一些利益牺牲的前提下减排是很有挑战性的，许多人的战略面临质疑。“这是切实存在的市场困境，”商业咨询公司克拉里奥的管理合伙人彼得•布莱恩特表示。“即使他们的计划合理，现在也无关紧要。”
The Shell ruling, issued by the district court in The Hague, found that Shell must curb its carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 compared with 2019 levels—and that the company was responsible not only for lowering its own direct emissions from drilling and other operations, but also those of the oil, gas and fuels eventually burned by consumers.
海牙地区法院对壳牌发出的裁指出，与2019年的水平相比，壳牌公司到2030年必须将其碳排放量减少45%，而且该公司不仅要降低自己钻井和其他作业的直接排放，还要降低最后由消费者燃烧的石油、天然气和燃料的排放。
本文节选自：Wall Street Journal （华尔街日报）
发布时间：2021.05.27
