洪泛区城乡洪水适应技术及其规划应用

Humanity ’ s struggle with floods has revolved around living near water bodies and attempting to prevent and control inundations. With the expected increase of floods in the future due to global climate change and acknowledging the rising uncertainty of weather phenomena, humans should learn to cope with natural floods. Gilbert F. White’s flood adjustment approach, used in floodplain management, can harmonize the relationship between humans and floods by regulating people ’ s development behavior in floodplains and adjusting the management of land use and the flood resistance standard of buildings in such areas so as to alleviate flood disasters and promote the coordinated development of the economy, society, and environment in these areas. The US, EU, France, and the Netherlands have formulated relevant policies and implemented practices under the guidance of White's principles. In recent years, flood resilience theory and resilience planning have become the focus of flood management. However, flood adjustment still has some limitations, such as lack of independence, comprehensiveness and systematization, limited application scenarios, unresolved contradiction with human survival and development needs, and an insufficient spatial scale, necessitating further research and verification. Cities in the floodplains of China should learn to harmoniously coexist with floods and thus achieve ecological environmental protection and sustainable development through flood adaptation planning of urban-rural integration.

人类与洪水的斗争经过近水而居、防御洪水、控制洪水等过程而发展至今。全球气候变化及其不确定性导致预期未来洪水增加，人类应学会与自然发生的洪水更协调地生活。吉尔伯特·F·怀特提出的洪水适应技术通过规范人们在洪泛区的开发行为，调整洪泛区土地利用与建筑物耐洪标准的管理来协调人与洪水的关系。美国、欧盟、法国、荷兰等均在此理论指导下制定了相关政策和应用实践。近年来承洪韧性理论以及韧性规划成为洪灾管理重点。但洪水适应技术依然存在着缺乏独立性且综合性与系统性不足；可应用场景有限，与人类生存发展需要的矛盾未根本解决及技术应用的空间尺度过小等局限因素，有待进一步研究和验证。中国洪泛区城市在全球气候变化背景下应学会与洪水和谐共生，通过洪泛区城乡融合的洪水适应规划实现生态环境保护和可持续发展。