[1]Arnold Aronson,The History and Theory of Environmental Scenography (London:Methuen Drama,2018),229.
[2]Ibid.,247.
[3]See Adam Alston,Beyond Immersive Theatre:Aesthetics,Politics and Productive Participation(London:Palgrave, 2019),4.
[4]韦哲宇:《“沉浸式”的消费与革新:当代戏剧观演关系批判》,《戏剧艺术》,2021年第1期。
[5]冯伟:《介入社会现实:浸没剧的越界美学》,《外国文学研究》,2017年第5期。
[6]See Jacques Ranciere,The Emancipated Spectator (London and New York:Verso, 2021),4.
[7]See Josephine Machon,Immersive Theatres:Intimacy and Immediacy in Contemporary Performance(New York:Palgrave MacMillan,2013),29-30.
[8]冯伟:《介入社会现实:浸没剧的越界美学》。
[9]Arnold Aronson,The History and Theory of Environmental Scenography(London:Methuen Drama,2018),243.
[10]Richard Schechner,Environmental Theater(New York:Hawthorn Books,1973),69-71.
[11]Ibid.,69.
[12]Bruce McConachie,“A Cognitive Approach to Brechtian Theatre,” Theatre Symposium,no.14(2006):13.
[13]Josephine Machon,Immersive Theatres:Intimacy and Immediacy in Contemporary Performance(New York:Palgrave MacMillan,2013),70.
[14]Rose Biggin,Immersive Theatre and Audience Experience(Cham:Palgrave,2017),179.
[15]See Rosemary Klich and Edward Scheer,Multimedia Performance(London:Red Globe Press,2011),132.
[16]See Zhang Chenyan,Andrew Perkis and Sebastian Arndt,“Spatial Immersion versus Emotional Immersion,Which is More Immersive?” Proceedings of the IEEE Ninth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience,Erfurt,Germany,May 31-June 2,2017,1.
[17]“共鸣”概念的德文是Einfühlung,英文翻译是empathy,在非布莱希特语境中多被翻译为共情。共情概念起源于19世纪德国浪漫主义,后渐发展为美学与心理学概念,但当今认知科学对共情的认识已经与布莱希特大不相同:镜像神经元理论的出现使得人们将共情不仅视为感情上融为一体的体验,更将其视为学习、理解、认知与模仿的基础。也就是说,不论是在剧场外还是在剧场内,人对世界的理解与认知必须首先以共情为前提,因此观众进入剧场后,若想理解舞台上发生的一切,必须始终动用自己的共情机制。这也是为什么麦康纳奇会认为布莱希特的“共鸣”并不是一个可以被打断的状态。
[18][德]贝尔托·布莱希特:《布莱希特论戏剧》,丁扬忠等译,北京:中国戏剧出版社,1990年,第191页。
[19][德]贝尔托·布莱希特:《布莱希特论戏剧》,第187页。
[20][德]贝尔托·布莱希特: 《布莱希特论戏剧》,第208页。
[21]William F. Brewer and Glenn V. Nakamura,“The Nature and Functions of Schemas,” in Handbook of Social Cognition,eds. R. S. Wyer,Jr. and T. K. Srull(Mahwah:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers,1984),120.
[22]See Christine A. Padesky,“Schema Change Processes in Cognitive Therapy,” Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,no. 5(1994):276.
[23]Ibid.,277.
[24]See Lawrence Shapiro and Shannon Spaulding,“Embodied Cognition,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,June25,2021, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/embodied-cognition/.
[25]See “War,Schemas,and Legitimation,” Harvard Law Review,no. 7(2006):2099-2120.
[26]冯伟:《介入社会现实:浸没剧的越界美学》。
[27]Bertolt Brecht,Brecht on Theatre:The Development of An Aesthetic,ed. and trans. John Willett(London:Methuen,1964),37.
[28]Ibid.
[29]Anja Hartl,Brecht and Post-1990s British Drama:Dialectical Theatre Today(London:Methuen,2021),20-21.
[30]Verfremdung的中文翻译有“间离”和“陌生化”等,《布莱希特论戏剧》一书中将两种翻译混用,本章采用了“间离”这一翻译,主要为与俄国形式主义的陌生化概念相区分。
[31][德]贝尔托·布莱希特:《布莱希特论戏剧》,第191页。
[32]详见[德]贝尔托·布莱希特:《布莱希特论戏剧》,第208—216页。
[33]详见董晓:《陌生化之辨:关于布莱希特与斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基的争论》,《戏剧艺术》,2021年第2期。
[34]Guy Cook,Discourse and Literature:The Interplay of Form and Mind(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994),181-212.
[35]Peter Stockwell,Cognitive Poetics:An Introduction(London and New York:Routledge, 2002),79.
[36] 董晓:《陌生化之辨:关于布莱希特与斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基的争论》。
[37]Peter Stockwell,Cognitive Poetics:An Introduction(London and New York:Routledge, 2002),80.
[38]Ibid.
[39]汉斯-蒂斯·雷曼:《后戏剧剧场》,李亦男译,北京:北京大学出版社,2010年,第26页。
[40]麻文琦:《布莱希特的戏剧遗产》,《戏剧》,2021年第3期。
[41]Bruce McConachie,“A Cognitive Approach to Brechtian Theatre,”Theatre Symposium,no.14(2006):12.